Present Tense

The present tense are simple statements about what is happening now, examples: “I read.” “He writes.” “They shop.” etc. The conjugation of the verb will change depending up three things: 1) The “person” of the subject. Is the subject first person. Are you talking about “I” or “We”. Or is the subject second person, i.e. “you”. Or is the subject third person, i.e. “He” or “them” 2) Is the subject plural or singular? 3) Is the subject masculine, feminine, or a combination of the two. Remember that in Hindi, every noun has a “gender”, and the appropriate form of the verb needs to be used to match that gender. But before we get to the different forms of the present tense verb for masculine subjects, let us talk about the “root” of a verb.  If you were to look up a verb in the dictionary, it would be in its “infinitive” form.  Here are the verbs we will be using for the these four sessions on the present tense verbs: पढ़ना (pardnaa) – to read लिखना (likhanaa) – to write कहना (kahanaa) – to say खाना (khaanaa) – to eat जाना (jaanaa) – to go आना (aanaa) – to come सीखना (siikhana) – to learn सुनना (sunanaa) – to listen Notice how all the words end in -ना (-naa)?  Remove that part, and you have the root of the verb.  It is the root that endings are added to for each different case.  The root of the verb “to read” पढ़ना (pardnaa) is पढ़ (pard).  Identify the root of each of the other verbs.  I will give you the answers tomorrow. First Person Singular The first person singular refers to “I”, the person that is speaking.  “I” in Hindi is “मैं (main)”. There is a helper verb for मैं (main) is हूँ (huun).  You will want to remember this combination मैं (main) goes with हूँ (huun). Now for the present tense, singular, first person, masculine subjects, you take the root of the verb and add “ता (ta)” and insert it between the मैं (main) goes with हूँ (huun).  For example: I read.   मैं पढ़ता हूँ।  (main pardta huun). Take the other verbs above and create the sentences: I say.  (Where I refers to a male speaker.) I eat. I go. I come I learn. I listen. We will give you the answers in the next three podcasts. Plural The plural first person is “We” (masculine) which is “हम (ham)”.  This always goes with “हैं (hain)”.  Remember this pair “हम (ham)” and “हैं (hain)”. Now for the plural form of the verb, we need to take the root and add “ते (te)”.  For example: We read.  हम पढ़ते हैं। (ham pardte hain.) Now try to create the masculine, first person, plural forms of each of the verbs given above. Second Person The second person can be a little confusing.  There are three versions of you.  तू (tuu), तुम (tum), and आप (aap).  All three of which can be used when talking to a single person.  The first one “तू (tuu)” is grammatically singular and is the least formal.  It would be used when talking to your child, for instance.  The other two तुम (tum), and आप (aap) are grammatically plural.  The most polite version is आप (aap). You will want to remember these combinations of the three “you” pronouns and the helper verbs. तू (tuu) and है (hai) तुम (tum) and हो (ho) आप (aap) and हैं (hain) Now in the present tense, the singular masculine is the verb root with “ता (ta)” added.  And the plural case is the root with “ते (te)” added.  The various forms of “I read.” are as follows: तू पढ़ता है    (tuu pardta hai) तुम पढ़ते हो   (tum pardte ho) आप पढ़ते हैं   (aap pardte hain) Now try to use the verbs mentioned above to create these three different types of “You (blank)” sentences.  We will review the answers in the upcoming podcasts. Third Person Singular The masculine third person singular includes the pronouns he,  it, and this.  All of these  are वह (vah).  The helper verb is है (hai).  So remember this combination वह (vah) and है (hai).  Here is an example: He reads.  वह पढ़ता है। (vah pardta hai) Now you try creating similar sentences using the verbs above. Plural The third person plural includes these and they.  Which is “वे (ve)”.  And the helper verb is “हैं (hain)”. They read.  वे पढ़ते हैं। (ve pardte hain). Review of masculine form First get the “root” of the verb by remove “-ना (-naa)”.  If the subject is masculine singular, then add “ता (ta)” to the end.  If the subject is masculine and plural add “ते (te)”. Now you just need to know the “helper” verb for the pronoun you want to use.  These pairings are the same for the feminine form of the present tense that we are covering today. masculine – first person – singular I [verb]  = मैं [verb] हूँ।  (main [verb] huun) example:  I read.   मैं पढ़ता हूँ।  (main pardta huun). masculine – first person – plural We [verb] = हम [verb] हैं। (ham [verb] hain.) example: We read.  हम पढ़ते हैं। (ham pardte hain.) masculine – second person The second person can be a little confusing.  There are three versions of you.  तू (tuu), तुम (tum), and आप (aap).  All three of which can be used when talking to a single person.  The first one “तू (tuu)” is grammatically singular and is the least formal.  It would be used when talking to your child, for instance.  The other two तुम (tum), and आप (aap) are grammatically plural.  The most polite version is आप (aap). You will want to remember these combinations of the three “you” pronouns and the helper verbs. तू (tuu) and है (hai) तुम (tum) and हो (ho) आप (aap) and हैं (hain) Now in the present tense, the singular masculine is the verb root with “ता (ta)” added.  And the plural case is the root with “ते (te)” added.  The various forms of “I read.” are as follows: तू पढ़ता है    (tuu pardta hai) तुम पढ़ते हो   (tum pardte ho) आप पढ़ते हैं   (aap pardte hain) masculine – third person – singular He [verb].  वह [verb] है। (vah [verb] hai) example: He reads.  वह पढ़ता है। (vah pardta hai) masculine – third person – plural They [verb].  वे [verb] हैं। (ve [verb] hain). example: They read.  वे पढ़ते हैं। (ve pardte hain). Feminine Present Tense After understanding the masculine version, the feminine form will be easy.  Take the root of the verb and add “ती (thii)” for both the singular and plural forms.  Here is an example using पढ़ना (pardnaa) – to read. I read. (female speaker)  मैं पढ़ती हूँ।  (main pardtii huun). We read. (referring to a group of females) हम पढ़ती हैं। (ham pardtii hain.) You read. (referring to a female)  Three versions: तू पढ़ती है    (tuu pardtii hai) तुम पढ़ती हो   (tum pardtii ho) आप पढ़ती हैं   (aap pardtii hain)  (This is the most formal.. If in doubt, use this form.) She reads.  वह पढ़ती है। (vah pardtii hai) They read.  वे पढ़ती हैं। (ve pardtii hain).  (for a group of females) In order to form the present tense, you must remember these combination of pronouns and helper verbs: I [verb] = मैं [verb] हूँ। (main [verb] huun) We [verb] = हम [verb] हैं। (ham [verb] hain.) You [verb] (very informal) = तू [verb] है (tuu [verb] hai) (use the singular form of the verb) You [verb] (informal) = तुम [verb] हो (tum [verb] ho) (use the plural form of the verb) You [verb] (formal) = आप [verb] हैं (aap [verb] hain) (use the plural form of the verb) He/She/It [verb]. वह [verb] है। (vah [verb] hai) They [verb]. वे [verb] हैं। (ve [verb] hain). You must also learn three rules: 1) If the subject is masculine and singular take the root of the verb and add “ता (ta)” 2) If the subject is masculine and plural take the root of the verb and add “ते (te)” 3) If the subject is feminine take the root of the verb and add “ती (tii)” Example using लिखना (likhanaa) – to write Masculine forms I write = मैं लिखता हूँ। (main likhata huun) We write = हम लिखते हैं। (ham likhate hain.) You write (very informal) = तू लिखता है (tuu likhata hai) (use the singular form of the verb) You write (informal) = तुम लिखते हो (tum likhate ho) (use the plural form of the verb) You write (formal) = आप लिखते हैं (aap likhate hain) (use the plural form of the verb) He writes . वह लिखता है। (vah likhata hai) They write. वे लिखते हैं। (ve likhate hain). Feminine forms I write. = मैं लिखती  हूँ। (main likhataii huun) We write = हम लिखती  हैं। (ham likhataii hain.) You write (very informal) = तू लिखती  है | (tuu likhataii hai) (use the singular form of the verb) You write (informal) = तुम लिखती  हो  | (tum likhataii ho) (use the plural form of the verb) You write (formal) = आप लिखती  हैं  | (aap likhataii hain) (use the plural form of the verb) She writes . वह लिखती  है। (vah likhataii hai) They write. वे लिखती हैं। (ve likhataii hain). Here is another example using कहना (kahanaa) – to say Masculine forms I say = मैं कहता हूँ। (main kahata huun) We say = हम कहते हैं। (ham kahate hain.) You say (very informal) = तू कहता है (tuu kahata hai) (use the singular form of the verb) You say (informal) = तुम कहते हो (tum kahate ho) (use the plural form of the verb) You say (formal) = आप कहते हैं (aap kahate hain) (use the plural form of the verb) He says . वह कहता है। (vah kahata hai) They say. वे कहते हैं। (ve kahate hain). Feminine forms I say. = मैं कहती हूँ। (main kahatii huun) We say = हम कहती हैं। (ham kahatii hain.) You say (very informal) = तू कहती है | (tuu kahatii hai) (use the singular form of the verb) You say (informal) = तुम कहती हो  |(tum kahatii ho) (use the plural form of the verb) You say (formal) = आप कहती हैं |(aap kahatii hain) (use the plural form of the verb) She says. वह कहती है। (vah kahatii hai) They say. वे कहती हैं। (ve kahatii hain). खाना (khaanaa) – to eat Masculine forms I eat. = मैं खाता हूँ। (main khaata huun) We eat. = हम खाते हैं। (ham khaate hain.) You eat. (very informal) = तू खाता है। (tuu khaata hai) (use the singular form of the verb) You eat. (informal) = तुम खाते हो। (tum khaate ho) (use the plural form of the verb) You eat. (formal) = आप खाते हैं। (aap khaate hain) (use the plural form of the verb) He eats. वह खाता है। (vah khaata hai) They eat. वे खाते हैं। (ve khaate hain). Feminine forms I eat. = मैं खाती हूँ। (main khaathii huun) We eat. = हम खाती हैं। (ham khaathii hain.) You eat. (very informal) = तू खाती है। (tuu khaathii hai) (use the singular form of the verb) You eat. (informal) = तुम खाती हो। (tum khaathii ho) (use the plural form of the verb) You eat. (formal) = आप खाती हैं। (aap khaathii hain) (use the plural form of the verb) She eats. वह खाती है। (vah khaathii hai) They eat. वे खाती हैं। (ve khaathii hain). जाना (jaanaa) – to go Masculine forms I go. = मैं जाता हूँ। (main jaata huun) We go. = हम जाते हैं। (ham jaate hain.) You go. (very informal) = तू जाता है। (tuu jajaata hai) (use the singular form of the verb) You go. (informal) = तुम जाते हो। (tum jaate ho) (use the plural form of the verb) You go. (formal) = आप जाते हैं। (aap jaate hain) (use the plural form of the verb) He goes. वह जाता है। (vah jaata hai) They go. वे जाते हैं। (ve jaate hain). Feminine forms I go. = मैं जाती हूँ। (main jaatii huun) We go. = हम जाती हैं। (ham jaatii hain.) You go. (very informal) = तू जाती है। (tuu jaatii hai) (use the singular form of the verb) You go. (informal) = तुम जाती हो। (tum jaatii ho) (use the plural form of the verb) You go. (formal) = आप जाती हैं। (aap jaatii hain) (use the plural form of the verb) She goes. वह जाती है। (vah jaatii hai) They go. वे जाती हैं। (ve jaatii hain). आना (aanaa) – to come Masculine forms I come. = मैं आता हूँ। (main aanta huun) We come. = हम आते हैं। (ham aante hain.) You come. (very informal) = तू आता है। (tuu aanta hai) (use the singular form of the verb) You come. (informal) = तुम आते हो। (tum aante ho) (use the plural form of the verb) You come. (formal) = आप आते हैं। (aap aante hain) (use the plural form of the verb) He comes. वह आता है। (vah aanta hai) They come. वे आते हैं। (ve aante hain). Feminine forms I come. = मैं आती हूँ। (main aatii huun) We come. = हम आती हैं। (ham aatii hain.) You come. (very informal) = तू आती है। (tuu aatii hai) (use the singular form of the verb) You come. (informal) = तुम आती हो। (tum aatii ho) (use the plural form of the verb) You come. (formal) = आप आती हैं। (aap aatii hain) (use the plural form of the verb) She comes. वह आती है। (vah aatii hai) They come. वे आती हैं। (ve aatii hain).]]>

Hindi Verbs

English	Hindi	Pronunciation
to eat		khaanaa
to drink		piinaa
to sit		beithnaa
to stand		kharde rahnaa
to play		khelnaa
to walk		chalnaa
to run		dourdna
to jump		kuudnaa
to swim		teirnaa
to dance		naachnaa
to read		pardhnaa
to write		likhnaa
to sleep		sonaa

English	Hindi	Pronunciation
to smile		muskaraanaa
to laugh		hansnaa
to cry		ronaa
to weep		ronaa
to throw		phenknaa
to catch		jhelnaa
to kick		thokar maarnaa
to shoot		banduuk chalaanaa
to yawn		jamhaaii lenaa
to clap		taalii bajaanaa
to box		mukkebaajii karnaa
to cook		rasoii banaanaa

]]>

Hindi Phrases

English Phrases	Hindi Phrases
English Greetings	Hindi Greetings:
Hi!	Namastey!   नमस्ते
Good morning!	Suprabhaat   सुप्रभात
Good evening!	Shubh sundhyaa.   शुभ संध्या
Welcome! (to greet someone)	Aapka swaagat hai!   आपका स्वागत हैं।
How are you?	Aap kaisey hain?   आप कैसे हैं ?
I’m fine, thanks!	Mein theek hoon, shukriya!   मैं ठीक हुँ ।
And you?	Aur aap?   और आप?
Good/ So-So.	Accha/ Theek-thaak   अच्छा/ ठीक-ठाक
Thank you (very much)!	Shukriyaa (Bahut dhanyavaad)   शुक्रीया (बहुत धन्यवाद)
You’re welcome! (for “thank you”)	***   ***
Hey! Friend!	Arrey, Dost!.   अरे, दोस्त
I missed you so much!	Mujhey aapkee bahut yaad aaee.?   मुझे आपकी बहुत याद आयी।
What’s new?	Kyaa chal rahaa hai?;  क्या चल रहा हैं?
Nothing much	Zyaada kuch nahi   ज्यादा कुछ नहीं ।
Good night!	Shubh raatri.   शुभ रात्री।
See you later!	Phir milen-gay.!   अलविदा।
Good bye!	Alvida!   अलविदा।
Asking for Help and Directions
I’m lost	Hum kho gaye hain.   हम खो गये हैं ।
Can I help you?	Kya mein aapki madad kar sakta/ sakti (female) hoon? क्या मैं आपकी मदद कर सकता /सकती हुँ ।
Can you help me?	Kya aap meri madad kar saktey hain? क्या आप मेरी मदद कर सकते हैं ।
Where is the (bathroom/ pharmacy)?	śaucaghara/ pharmacy kahaan hai?   शौचघर/ फार्मेसी कहां है
Go straight! then turn left/ right!	Seedhey jaaey! Phir bānyae/ dānyae mudiye सीधे जाएँ-फिर बाएँ-दाएँ मुडिए ।
I’m looking for john.	Mein John ko dhoondh rahaa/ rahi (female) hoon. मैं जोन को ढुँढ रहा-रही हुँ ।
One moment please!	Ek minat…   एक मिनट
Hold on please! (phone)	Ek minat…   एक मिनट
How much is this?	Yeh kaisey diyaa?   यह कैसे दिया ।
Excuse me …! (to ask for something)	Kshama keejeeae…   क्षमा कीजिए ।
Excuse me! ( to pass by)	Kshama keejeeae…   क्षमा कीजिए ।
Come with me!	Mere saath aaeeyé!   मेरे साथ आइए ।

How to Introduce Yourself
Do you speak (English/ Hindi)?	Kyaa aap (angrézee/hindi) mein baat kar saktey hain? क्या आप (अंग्रेजी-हिंदी) में बात कर सकते हैं
Just a little.	Bus thodaasaa.   बस थोडासा
What’s your name?	Aapka naam kyaa hai?   आपका नाम क्या है
My name is …	Meraa naam …hai.   मेरा नाम….. है ।
Mr…/ Mrs.…/ Miss…	Shree../Shreematee…/Kumaari…/Kumar (Master) श्री-श्रीमती-कुमारी-कुमार
Nice to meet you!	Aapsey milkar khushi huee!   आपसे मिलकर खुशी हुई ।
You’re very kind!	Aap bahut dayaloo hain!   आप बहुत दयालू हैं ।
Where are you from?	Aap kahaan sey hain?   आप कहाँ से हैं ।
I’m from (the U.S/ India)	Mein (amerika/ bhārata) se hoon.   मैं (अम्रीका-भारत) से हुँ ।
I’m (American)	Mein amrikan hoon.   मैं अम्रीकन हुँ ।
Where do you live?	Aap kahaan rehtey hain?   आप कहाँ रहते हैं
I live in (the U.S/ India)	Mein (US/ bhārata) mein rehtaa/ rehtee (female) hoon. मैं (US-भारत) में रहता-रहती हुँ ।
Did you like it here?	Kyaa aap ko yahaan accha lagtaa hai? क्या आपको यहाँ अच्छा लगता है
India is a wonderful country	Bharat ek adbhut desh hai   भारत एक अद्भुत देश है ।
What do you do for a living?	Aap kyaa kaam kartey hain?   आप क्या काम करते हैं
I work as a (translator/ businessman)	Mera apnaa vyaapaar hai (I have my own business) मेरा अपना व्यापार है ।
I like Hindi	Mujhey Hindi bhaashaa acchee lagtee hai. मुझे हिंदी भाषा अच्छी लगती है।
I’ve been learning Hindi for 1 month	Main ek maheeney sey Hindi seekh raha/ rahee (female) hoon. मैं एक महीनेसे हिंदी सीख रहा-रही हुँ ।
Oh! That’s good!	Yeh accha hai!   यह अच्छा है ।
How old are you?	Aapkee umar kyaa hai?   आपकी उमर क्या है
I’m (twenty, thirty…) years old.	Mein (bees, tees…) saal ka hoon/ ki hoon (female) मैं (बीस, तीस) साल का हुँ- की हुँ ।
I have to go	Mujhey jaana hogaa   मुझे जाना होगा ।
I will be right back!	Mein turant laut key aaoongaa/ aaoongi (female) मैं तुरंत लौट के आऊँगा-आऊँगी ।
Wish Someone Something
Good luck!	Shubh Kaamnaayein   शुभ कामनाएँ
Happy birthday!	Janamdin kee shubhaechaen   जनमदिन की शुभेच्छाएँ
Happy new year!	Naaey saal kee shubhaechaen   नए साल की शुभेच्छाएँ
Merry Christmas!	Christmas kee badhaaeeyaan   क्रिसमस की बधाइयाँ
Congratulations!	Badhaaee ho!   बधाई हो
Enjoy! (for meals…)	Bhog keejeeae   भोग कीजिए
I’d like to visit India one day	Mein kabhi Bharat jaana chahoongaa/ chahoongi (female) मैं भी भारत जाना चाहुँगा- चाहुँगी ।
Say hi to John for me	John ko meri taraf sey namastey kehna. जोन को मेरी तरफ से नमस्ते कहना ।
Bless you (when sneezing)	(No expression)
Good night and sweet dreams!	Shubh raatri   शुभ रात्री ।
Solving a Misunderstanding
I’m Sorry! (if you don’t hear something)	Kyaa aap issey dohraa saktey hain?   क्या आप इसे दोहरा सकते हैं
Sorry (for a mistake)	Kshamaa/ maafee chaahta/ chaahti (female) hu. क्षमा- माफी चाहता/ चाहती हुँ
No Problem!	Koee baat nuhee   कोई बात नहीं ।
Can You Say It Again?	Kyaa aap issey dohraa saktey hain?   क्या आप इसे दोहरा सकते हैं
Can You Speak Slowly?	Kyaa aap dheerae baat karengae?   क्या आप धीरे बात करेंगे
Write It Down Please!	Kripaya karkey yeh likkh deejeeae. कृपया करके यह लिख दीजिए ।
I Don’t Understand!	Mujhey samajh mein nahi aataa.   मुझे समझ में नहीं आता ।
I Don’t Know!	Mujhey nahi maloom   मुझे नहीं मालूम ।
I Have No Idea.	Mujhey iss cheez kaa kuchh pata nahi hai मुझे इस चीज का कुछ पता नहीं है ।
What’s That Called In Hindi?	Issey Hindi mein kyaa kahtey hain?   इसे हिंदी में क्या कहते हैं ।
What Does “gato” Mean In English?	Angrezi mein “maloom” ka kyaa arth hoga? अंग्रेजी में“मालूम” का क्या अर्थ होगा ।
How Do You Say “Please” In Hindi?	Hindi mein “please” kaisey kahtey hain?   हिंदी में “प्लीज” कैसे कहते हैं
What Is This?	Yeh kyaa hai?   हिंदी में इसे क्या कहते हैं
My Hindi is bad.	Meri Hindi kucch khaas nahi hai.   मेरी हिंदी कुछ खास नहीं है ।
I need to practice my Hindi	Mujey Hindi ka or abhyaas karnaa hogaa मुझे हिंदी का और अभ्यास करना होगा ।
Don’t worry!	Chinta mat karo!   चिंता मत करो ।
Hindi Expressions and Words
Good/ Bad/ So-So.	Accha/ Boora/ Theek-thaak   अच्छा-बूरा-(ठीक-ठाक)
Big/ Small	Bada Chhota   बडा-छोटा
Today/ Now	Aaj/ Abhi   आज-अभी
Tomorrow/ Yesterday	Kal/ Kal   कल-कल
Yes/ No	Haan/ Naa or Nuhi   हाँ- ना-नहीं
Here you go! (when giving something)	Ye leejeeay (polite)/ Ye lo   यह लीजीए- यह लो
Do you like it?	Kyaa aap ko yeh accha lagta hai?   क्या आपको यह अच्छा लगता है
I really like it!	Mujhey yeh bahut accha lagta hai   मुझे यह बहुत अच्छा लगता है।
I’m hungry/ thirsty.	Mujhey bhookh lagi hai/ Mujhey pyaas lagi hai   मुझे भूक लगी है।
In The Morning/ Evening/ At Night.	Subah ko/ Shaam ko/ Raat ko   सुबह को- शाम को-रात को
This/ That. Here/There	Yeh/ woh. Yahaan/ wahaan   यह-वह-यहाँ-वहाँ
Me/ You. Him/ Her.	Hum/ Tum. Voh/ Voh   हम-तुम-वह-वह
Really!	Such mein?   सच में
Look!	Dekkho!   देखो
Hurry up!	Jaldi karo!   जल्दी करो
What? Where?	Kyaa? Kahaan?   क्या? कहां?
What time is it?	Kitney bajey hain?   कितने बजे हैं ?
It’s 10 o’clock. 07:30pm.	Dus bajey hain. Shyaam ke Saat buj kar tees minat hue hain. दस बजे हैं, शाम के सात बज कर तीस मिनट हुए हैं
Give me this!	Mujhey ye cheez chaaheeye!   मुझे यह चीज़ चाहिए।
I love you!	Mei tumsey pyaar kartaa/ karti (female) hu! मैं तुमसे प्यार करता/ करती हुँ।
I feel sick.	Meri Tabiyut kharaab hai.   मेरी तबीयत खराब है।
I need a doctor	Mujhey Doctor kee zaroorat hai   मुझे डाक्टर की जरुरत है।
One, Two, Three	Ek, Dow, Teen   एक, दो, तीन
Four, Five, Six	Chaar, paanch, chhey   चार, पांच, छः
Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten	Saat, Aath, Nao, Dus   सात, आठ, नौ, दस

 ]]>