June 2016

ITALIAN GRAMMAR: Nouns and Genders

ITALIAN NOUNS AND GENDERS Most Italian nouns end in a vowel—those that end in a consonant are of foreign origin—and all nouns have a gender, even those that refer to a qualities, ideas, and things. Usually, Italian singular masculine nouns end in –o, while feminine nouns end in –a(-tà).

» Masculine » Feminine
   Tavolo (table)    Casa (house)
   Sviluppo (development)    Rosa (rouse)
   Organismo (organism)    Città (city)
There are exceptions for this rule, of course (see table below):
» Masculine » Feminine
   Giornale (newspaper)    F rase (sentence)
   Pane (bread)    Canzone (song)
   Nome (name)    Notte (night)
Gender Inflections for Nouns:
  • Feminine is often obtained from masculine by the alternation -o : -a in the endings
» Masculine » Feminine
   Amico   friend    Amica    friend
   Bambino    little boy    Bambina   little girl
   Cugino    cousin (he)    Cugina    cousin (she)
   Figlio     son    Figlia     daughter
   Maestro      master, teacher    Maestra    teacher (female)
The alteration -e : -a also occurs, cf.:
» Masculine » Feminine
   Signore    mister    Signora      mistress
   Padrone    master, owner    Padrona     mistress of the house
  • Sometimes masculine and feminine are derived from different (or modified) roots:
» Masculine » Feminine
   frate      friar    soura      nun
   fratello     brother    sorella    sister
   padre       father    madre   mother
   uomo       man    donna     woman
   paperone drake    oca duck
  • These are nouns with one form for both genders. Here are included all the nouns suffixed by -ista. Examples:
    • Artista  »  artist
    • Giornalista  »  journalist
    • Pianista  »  pianist
    • Turista  »  tourist etc
 
  • Some other nouns, like:
» camerata     comrade » consorte      consort
» compatriota     compatriot » amante      lover
» eresiarca    heresiarch » cliente     client
» idiota    idiot » commerciante     trader
» omicida murderer » interprete interpreter
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Italian Grammar: Prepositions

ITALIAN PREPOSITIONS Prepositions are short words which express conditions, directions, specifications, such as of, over, to, from, etc. Prepositions are those little words that mark places in space or time. When prepositions are used together with definite articles, the preposition and the article are sometimes condensed into a single word. When they are not followed (and bound) to articles, they are called “simple prepositions”. Simple prepositions: They are words that aren’t followed by articles. Simple prepositions are:

di (d’) » of a » to da » from, by, since
in » in con » with tra, fra » between
su » on per » for
Di: “Di” means “of”, indicating possession, or “from” (to be from). Examples:
  • un bicchiere di vino  »  a glass of wine
  • la città di Roma  »  the city of Rome
  • il libro di Paolo  »  Paul’s book (literally: “the book of Paul”)
  • la madre di Roberto  »  Robert’s mother
  • io sono di Roma  »  I am from Rome
  • i due ragazzi sono di Berlino  »  the two boys are from Berlin
A: “A” means “to” (indirect object and movement) or “in”, indicating location (cities and places). When preposition “a” is followed by another word starting with a vowel, for mere phonetic reasons it changes to “ad”. Examples:
  • regalo il libro a Stefania  »  I give the book to Stephanie
  • venderò la bicicletta a Carlo  »  I shall sell the bycicle to Charles
  • a destra  »  to the right (note how in Italian the two directions have no article)
  • tornerò ad Amburgo  »  I shall return to Hamburg
  • siamo a letto  »  we are in bed
  • tu vivi a Roma   »  you live in Rome
Da: “Da” means “since”, “from” (to come from), “by” (passive) and it’s used with location referring to people. Examples:
  • Vivo a Foggia da 16 anni   »  I’ve lived in Foggia for 16 years
  • Vengo da Foggia   »  I come from Foggia
  • Questo corso è stato fatto da Davide   »  This course was made by Davide
  • Sono da Davide   »  I’m at Davide’s
In: “In” usually means “in”. Examples:
  • Vivo in una bella città   »  I live in a beautiful city.
  • ho dieci monete in tasca   »  I have ten coins in my pocket
  • traverseremo il fiume in barca   »  we will cross the river by boat
Con: “Con” means “with”. Examples:
  • Sono con te  »  I’m with you
  • ho comprato il libro con pochi soldi   »  I bought the book with little money
  • il bambino era con un adulto   »  the child was with an adult
Su: “Su” means “on(to)”, “over”. Examples:
  • I libri sono su un banco   »  The books are on a desk.
  • l’aereo vola su Firenze   »  The plane flies over Florence
Per: “Per” It can translate English for, to, by, or even as, according to the different use. Examples:
  • Questo regalo è per te   »  This present is for Davide
  • Ho un biglietto per il teatro   »  I have a ticket for the theatre
  • Il pacco è per la signora   »  the parcel is for the lady
Tra-fra: “Tra” and “fra” mean “between” or “in” followed by a time expression. Examples:
  • Sono tra(fra) il tavolo e la sedia  »  I’m between the table and the chair
  • Vengo a casa tra(fra) due minuti  »  I’d come home in two minutes
  • l’autobus passerà fra(tra) due ore  »  the bus will pass in two hours time
  • l’albero fra(tra) le due case è alto   »  the tree between the two houses is tall
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French Conjugation

How to Conjugate Regular French Verbs To simplify things, French has classified regular verbs into three types, based on the ending of their infinitives. Think of all the things you can possibly do in one day. That’s also a lot of verbs to conjugate.

  • The largest group is the verbs whose infinitive ends in -er (the -erverbs), like parler (to speak).
  • The second largest group is made up of the verbs whose infinitive ends in-ir(the -ir verbs), like finir (to finish).
  • The third group consists of the -reending verbs (the -re verbs), likevendre (to sell).
Each type follows a pattern of conjugation for every tense. Think of the infinitive as the family name of a verb: A family shares a common last name, but each individual has his or her own characteristics, right. Use the infinitive to recognize the verb type (-er, -ir, or -re) that allows you to find its conjugation pattern and also look up the verb in the dictionary. How to conjugate a regular -er verb More than 80 percent of French verbs are -er verbs. It’s great for you, because after you know their pattern of conjugation in the present tense, you can pretty much conjugate 80 percent of French verbs. Doesn’t that sound great? To conjugate a regular -er verb, drop the -er of the infinitive to get the stem. Then add the six present tense endings specific to -erverbs: -e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent, and you’re done. Easy! The following table conjugates a regular -er verb: aimer (to like).
j’aime nous aimons
tu aimes vous aimez
il/elle/on aime ils/elles aiment
Aller (to go) is a very common verb, and it looks like a regular -er verb. However, it is not. Aller is a very irregular verb. How to conjugate a regular -ir verb The -ir verb group is the second most common verb type. To form the present tense of a regular -ir verb, drop the -ir of the infinitive to get the stem for the present tense conjugation. Then add the present tense endings specific to -ir verbs: -is, -is, -it, -issons, -issez, -issent. The following table conjugates a regular -ir verb: finir (to finish).
je finis nous finissons
tu finis vous finissez
il/elle/on finit ils/elles finissent
Not all -ir verbs follow this pattern. So just use a little more caution when dealing with -ir ending verbs. How to conjugate a regular -re verb Verbs that end in -re are the third conjugation type. To form the present tense of an -re verb, drop the -re of the infinitive, like you do for -er and -ir verbs. When you do that, you’re left with the stem for the conjugation of the present tense, and you can add the present tense endings specific to -re verbs: -s, -s,nothing, -ons, -ez, -ent.The following table conjugates a regular -re verb: vendre (to sell).
je vends nous vendons
tu vends vous vendez
il/elle/on vend ils/elles vendent

Conjugation of Être, Avoir, Aller, and Faire verbs:

How to Conjugate the Irregular French Verbs Être, Avoir, Aller, and Faire ? In French and in English, the verbs être (to be), avoir (to have), aller (to go), and faire (to do) are probably the most used verbs of our repertoire, which is also why they have become so twisted. The four tables that follow give you the present tense conjugations of these verbs. Être Verb: Avoir Verb: For pronounciation, be very careful with ils sont (they are) and ils ont (they have), because they have pretty similar sounds. The difference is between the soft sound of ils sont and the z sound created by the liaison (the verbal link between the final -s and the following vowel) in ils ont. Aller Verb: Faire Verb: ]]>

Useful Words in French

Useful Words in French / Les mots utiles

It’s / That’s c’est /sɛ/ There is/are il y a /il i a/
There is/are voilà /vwala/ Here is/are voici /vwasi/
and et /e/ always toujours /tuʒuʀ/
but mais /mɛ/ often souvent /suvɑ̃/
now maintenant /mɛ̃tnɑ̃/ sometimes quelquefois /kɛlkəfwa/
especially surtout /syʀtu/ usually d’habitude /dabityd/
except sauf /sof/ also, too aussi /osi/
of course bien sûr /bjɛ̃ syʀ/ again encore /ɑ̃kɔʀ/
so so comme ci, comme ça /kɔm si, kɔm sa/ late en retard /ɑ̃ʀətaʀ/
not bad pas mal /pa mal/ almost presque /pʀɛsk/
book le livre /lə livʀ/ friend (fem) une amie /y nami/
pencil le crayon /lə kʀɛjɔ̃/ friend (masc) un ami /œ̃ nami/
pen le stylo /lə stilo/ woman une femme /yn fam/
paper le papier /lə papje/ man un homme /œ̃ nɔm/
dog le chien /lə ʃjɛ̃/ girl une fille /yn fij/
cat le chat /lə ʃa/ boy un garçon /œ̃̃ gaʀsɔ̃/
money l’argent (m) /laʀʒɑ̃/ job / work le travail /lə tʀavaj/
Learn French The expression il y a is reduced to y a in everyday speech. When il y a is followed by a number, it means ago.  Il y a cinq minutes means five minutes ago. Some common slang words for money include: le fric, le pèze, le pognon, des sous and for job/work: le boulot. To express in a certain month, such as in May, use en before the month as in “en mai.”  With dates, the ordinal numbers are not used, except for the first of the month:  le premier mai but le deux juin.  Also note that months are all masculine and not capitalized in French (same as days of the week).]]>

German Grammar: Conjugation

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Personalpronomen I (Nominativ)
Singular Plural
1. PERSON ich wir
2. PERSON du Sie (Höflichkeitsform) ihr Sie (Höflichkeitsform)
3. PERSON er (maskulin) sie (feminin) es (neutrum) sie
Konjugation Präsens I
Singular Plural
1. PERSON ich geh-e wir geh-en
2. PERSON du geh-st Sie geh-en ihr geh-t Sie geh-en
3. PERSON er geh-t sie geh-t es geh-t sie geh-en
Konjugation Präsens II (sein)
Singular Plural
1. PERSON ich bin wir sind
2. PERSON du bist Sie sind ihr seid Sie sind
3. PERSON er ist sie ist es ist sie sind Konjugation Präsens III (haben)
Singular Plural
1. PERSON ich habe wir haben
2. PERSON du hast Sie haben ihr habt Sie haben
3. PERSON er hat sie hat es hat sie haben

 Conjugation:To be verb, to have, to become

sein – to be (zine)
I am ich bin ikh bin I was ich war ikh var
you are (familiar) du bist doo bihst you were (familiar) du warst doo varst
he/she/it is er/sie/es ist air/zee/ess isst he/she/it was er/sie/es war air/zee/es var
we are wir sind veer zint we were wir waren veer vah-ren
you (plural) are ihr seid eer zide you (plural) were ihr wart eer vart
they/you (formal) are sie/Sie sind zee zint they/you (formal) were sie/Sie waren zee vah-ren
haben – to have (hah-ben
I have ich habe hah-buh I had ich hatte hah-tuh
you have du hast hahst you had du hattest hah-test
he/she/it has er/sie/es hat haht he/she/it had er/sie/es hatte hah-tuh
we have wir haben hah-ben we had wir hatten hah-ten
you have ihr habt hahbt you had ihr hattet hah-tet
they/you have sie/Sie haben hah-ben they/you had sie/Sie hatten hah-ten
werden – to become (vair-den)
I become ich werde vair-duh I became ich wurde voor-duh
you become du wirst veerst you became du wurdest voor-dest
he/she/it becomes er/sie/es wird veert he/she/it became er/sie/es wurde voor-duh
we become wir werden vair-den we became wir wurden voor-den
you become ihr werdet vair-det you became ihr wurdet voor-det
they/you become sie/Sie werden vair-den they/you became sie/Sie wurden voor-den
Haben is frequently used in expressions that would normally take to be in English. Ich habe Hunger. = I am hungry. Ich hatte Durst. = I was thirsty. Ich habe Langeweile. = I am bored. Ich hatte Heimweh. = I was homesick. Ich habe Angst. = I am afraid. In everyday speech, the final -e on the ich conjugations can be dropped: ich hab’ or hab’ ich The verb werden is also used in the future tense to mean will.]]>

Conversational French

A conversation in French

Karen: Salut! Comment ça va ? Hi! How are you?
Jacques: Bonjour! Ça va bien, merci. Et vous ? Hello! I’m well, thank you. And you?
Karen: Très bien. J’attends un professeur français. Very well. I am waiting for a French teacher.
Jacques: Je suis un professeur de français. Je m’appelle Jacques. Comment vous appelez-vous ? I am a French teacher. My name is Jacques. What is your name?
Karen: Je m’appelle Karen. My name is Karen.
Jacques: Vous venez d’Angleterre ? Are you from England?
Karen: Oui, je suis Anglaise. Yes, I am English.
Jacques: Que faites-vous dans la vie ? What work do you do?
Karen: Je suis touriste. I’m a tourist.
Jacques: Oh, quel plaisir! Êtes-vous mariée ? Oh, what fun! Are you married?
Karen: Non. Je suis célibataire. Et vous ? No. I’m single. And you?
Jacques: Je suis marié et j’ai deux enfants. I am married and I have two children.
Karen: C’est bien. That’s good.
Jacques: Quel âge avez-vous ? How old are you?
Karen: J’ai vingt-quatre ans. I am twenty-four years old.
Jacques: Vous parlez bien le français. You speak French well.
Karen: Non, je parle français un peu. No, I only speak French a little.
Jacques: Je vous aiderai. À demain ? I will help you. Till tomorrow?
Karen: Oui, très bien. À bientôt ! Yes, very good. See you later!
Jacques: Bonne nuit ! Good night!
FRENCH LESSON – BASIC FRENCH WORDS / PHRASES Useful everyday words and phrases in French
Yes Oui. (WEE)
No Non. (NOHNG)
Please S’il vous plaît. (seell voo PLEH)
Thank you Merci. (mehr-SEE)
You’re welcome De rien. (duh RYANG)
Excuse me (getting attention) S’il vous plaît (seell voo PLEH)
Excuse me (you’re in my way) Pardon. (pahr-DOHNG)
Excuse me (begging pardon) Excusez-moi. (ehks-kuu-zay MWAH)
I’m sorry Désolé(e). (day-zoh-LAY)
I don’t understand Je ne comprends pas. (ZHUH nuh kohm-PRAHNG pah)
I can’t speak French [well]. Je ne parle pas [bien] français. (zhuh nuh PAHRL pah [byahng] frahng-SEH)
Do you speak English? Parlez-vous anglais? (PAHR-lay VOOZ ahng-LEH?)
Is there someone here who speaks English? Est-ce qu’il y a quelqu’un ici qui parle anglais? (ess keel-ee-AH kel-KUHNG ee-SEE kee PAHRL ahng-LEH?)
Where’s the toilet? Où sont les toilettes ? (OOH sohng lay twa-LEHT?)
Help! Au secours ! (os-KOOR!)
Look out! Attention! (ah-TAHNG-see-ohng)
Saying hello in French and other common phrases
Hello Bonjour. (bohng-ZHOOR)
Hello (informal / to friends) Salut. (sah-LUU)
Good morning Bonjour. (bohng-ZHOOR)
Good evening Bonsoir. (bohng SWAHR)
How are you? Comment allez-vous? (kuh-mahng tah-lay VOO?)
Fine thank you. Bien, merci. (byahng, mehr-SEE)
What is your name? Comment vous appelez-vous? (kuh-MAWNG vooz ah-puhll-ay VOO?)
My name is… Je m’appelle ….. (zhuh mah-PEHLL……)
Nice to meet you Enchanté(e). (ahng-chahng-TAY
Goodbye Au revoir. (oh RVWAHR)
Goodbye (informal / to friends) Salut. (sah-LUU)  (yes, the same word as hello!)
Good night (to sleep) Bonne nuit. (buhn NWEE)

         

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French Essential Vocabulary

Days of the Week / French Les jours de la semaine

Monday lundi /lœ̃di/
Tuesday mardi /maʀdi/
Wednesday mercredi /mɛʀkʀədi/
Thursday jeudi /ʒødi/
Friday vendredi /vɑ̃dʀədi/
Saturday samedi /samdi/
Sunday dimanche /dimɑ̃ʃ/
day le jour /lə ʒuʀ/
week la semaine /la s(ə)mɛn/
today aujourd’hui /oʒuʀdɥi/
yesterday hier /jɛʀ/
tomorrow demain /dəmɛ̃/
next prochain / prochaine /pʀɔʃɛ̃/ /pʀɔʃɛn/
last dernier / dernière /dɛʀnje/ /dɛʀnjɛʀ/
day before yesterday avant-hier /avɑ̃tjɛʀ/
day after tomorrow après-demain /apʀɛdmɛ̃/
the following day le lendemain /lə lɑ̃dəmɛ̃/
the day before la veille /la vɛj/
  French Months of the Year / Les mois de l’année
January janvier /ʒɑ̃vje/
February février /fevʀije/
March mars /maʀs/
April avril /avʀil/
May mai /mɛ/
June juin /ʒɥɛ̃/
July juillet /ʒɥijɛ/
August août /u(t)/
September septembre /sɛptɑ̃bʀ/
October octobre /ɔktɔbʀ/
November novembre /nɔvɑ̃bʀ/
December décembre /desɑ̃bʀ/
month le mois /lə mwa/
year l’an / l’année /lɑ̃/ /lane/
decade la décennie /deseni/
century le siècle /lə sjɛkl/
millennium le millénaire /milenɛʀ/
To express in a certain month, such as in May, use en before the month as in “en mai.”  With dates, the ordinal numbers are not used, except for the first of the month:  le premier mai but le deux juin.  Also note that months are all masculine and not capitalized in French (same as days of the week).

French Numbers:

The key to learning how to count in French from 100 to 1000 is to learn the first hundred numbers, from 1 to 100; all you have to do after that is just put on the front cent (one hundred), or deux cent (two hundred), or trois cent (three hundred), or quatre cent (four hundred), or cinq cents (five hundred), etc. Plutôt facile, non? (rather easy, no?) Prenons quelques exemples (let us take a few examples), to make it even clearer: 
  • 7 = Sept, 700 = Sept cent, 707 = Sept cent sept
  • 307 = Trois cent sept
  • 801 = Huit cent un
  • 18 = Dix-huit, 100 = cent, 118 = Cent dix-huit
  • 918 = Neuf cent dix-huit
* D’abord (first), the first 100 numbers in French:
  • 0 Zéro 
  • 1 Un
  • 2 Deux  
  • 3 Trois
  • 4 Quatre 
  • 5 Cinq
  • 6 Six
  • 7 Sept
  • 8 Huit
  • 9 Neuf 
  • 10 Dix
  • 11 Onze 
  • 12 Douze
  • 13 Treize 
  • 14 Quatorze 
  • 15 Quinze 
  • 16 Seize 
  • 17 Dix-sept
  • 18 Dix-huit
  • 19 Dix-neuf
  • 20 Vingt
  • 21 Vingt et un
  • 22 Vingt-deux
  • 23 Vingt-trois
  • 24 Vingt-quatre
  • 25 Vingt-cinq
  • 26 Vingt-six
  • 27 Vingt-sept 
  • 28 Vingt-huit 
  • 29 Vingt-neuf 
  • 30 Trente
  • 31 Trente et un 
  • 32 Trente-deux 
  • 33 Trente-trois 
  • 34 Trente-quatre 
  • 35 Trente-cinq 
  • 36 Trente-six  
  • 37 Trente-sept 
  • 38 Trente-huit
  • 39 Trente-neuf 
  • 40 Quarante 
  • 41 Quarante et un
  • 42 Quarante-deux 
  • 43 Quarante-trois   
  • 44 Quarante-quatre 
  • 45 Quarante-cinq 
  • 46 Quarante-six 
  • 47 Quarante-sept 
  • 48 Quarante-huit 
  • 49 Quarante-neuf 
  • 50 Cinquante 
  • 51 Cinquante et un 
  • 52 Cinquante-deux 
  • 53 Cinquante-trois
  • 54 Cinquante-quatre
  • 55 Cinquante-cinq
  • 56 Cinquante-six
  • 57 Cinquante-sept
  • 58 Cinquante-huit
  • 59 Cinquante-neuf 
  • 60 Soixante 
  • 61 Soixante et un
  • 62 Soixante-deux
  • 63 Soixante-trois 
  • 64 Soixante-quatre 
  • 65 Soixante-cinq 
  • 66 Soixante-six 
  • 67 Soixante-sept  
  • 68 Soixante-huit 
  • 69 Soixante-neuf 
  • 70 Soixante-dix 
  • 71 Soixante et onze 
  • 72 Soixante-douze 
  • 73 Soixante-treize 
  • 74 Soixante-quatorze 
  • 75 Soixante-quinze  
  • 76 Soixante-seize 
  • 77 Soixante-dix-sept
  • 78 Soixante-dix-huit
  • 79 Soixante dix-neuf 
  • 80 Quatre-vingts (Literally “Four twenties”!)
  • 81 Quatre-vingt-un 
  • 82 Quatre-vingt-deux 
  • 83 Quatre-vingt-trois 
  • 84 Quatre-vingt-quatre  
  • 85 Quatre-vingt-cinq 
  • 86 Quatre-vingt-six 
  • 87 Quatre-vingt-sept 
  • 88 Quatre-vingt-huit
  • 89 Quatre-vingt-neuf 
  • 90 Quatre-vingt-dix 
  • 91 Quatre-vingt-onze  
  • 92 Quatre-vingt-douze 
  • 93 Quatre-vingt-treize 
  • 94 Quatre-vingt-quatorze 
  • 95 Quatre-vingt-quinze 
  • 96 Quatre-vingt-seize 
  • 97 Quatre-vingt-dix-sept 
  • 98 Quatre-vingt-dix-huit 
  • 99 Quatre-vingt dix-neuf 
  • 100 Cent  
  • 101 Cent un 
  • 102 Cent deux
  • 103 Cent trois
  • etc.
  • 500 Cinq cent 
  • 501 Cinq cent un
  • 502 Cinq cent deux
  • 503 Cinq cent trois
  • 504 Cinq cent quatre
  • 505 Cinq cent cinque
  • etc.
  • 600 Six cent 
  • 700 Sept cent 
  • 800 Huit cent
  • 900 Neuf cent 
Et enfin (and finally):
1000 Mille !  ]]>

CHINESE PRONOUNS

CHINESE PRONOUNS There are just three basic pronouns in spoken Mandarin: I, me – wǒ – 我 You – nǐ – 你 He, Him / She, Her / It – tā Plurals Plurals are formed by adding ‘men’ at the end of the pronoun: We, Us – wǒ men – 我們 You – nǐ men – 你們 They, Them – tā men – 他們 When speaking to elders or someone in authority, it is more polite to address them formally with nín 您 instead of the less formal nǐ – 你. Wǒ – 我 I am a student. ►Wǒ shì xuéshēng. 我是學生。 I like ice cream. ►Wǒ xǐhuān bīngqílín. 我喜歡冰淇淋。 Nǐ – 你 Are you a student? ►Nǐ shì xuéshēng ma? 你是學生嗎? Do you like ice cream?     ►Nǐ xǐhuan bīngqílín ma? 你喜歡冰淇淋嗎? Tā – 她 She is a doctor. ►Tā shì yīshēng. 她是醫生。 She likes coffee. ►Tā xǐhuan kāfēi. 她喜歡咖啡。 She doesn’t have a car. ►Tā méi yǒu chē. 她沒有車。 Wǒmen – 我們 We are students. ►Wǒmen shì xuéshēng. 我們是學生。 We like ice cream. ►Wǒmen xǐhuan bīngqílín.]]>

Survival Arabic

Why learn Arabic?

Arabic is today spoken by more than 200 million people in the Arab World, and it is an official language in 22 countries.
  • Arabic is also an important language in many countries bordering on the Arab World, like Mali, Niger, Chad, Eritrea, Djibouti, Ethiopia and Somalia. There are also Arabic-speaking populations in parts of southern Turkey and southwestern Iran.
  • With the migration of Arab nationals to countries outside of the Arab World, the Arabic language has spread to all corners of practically the Earth.
  • Arabic has held the status of official language at the United Nations since 1974.
Arabic Greetings
مرحبا marhaba Hello
كيف حالك kayfa halak? How are you?
أنا بخير, شكرا ana bikhayr, shukran. I’m fine, thank you.
اسمى تانجا ismi tanja. My name is Tanja.
لطيف أن أقابلك latif an uqabilak. Nice to meet you.
مع السلامة ma-assalama Goodbye
هل تتكلم الانجليزية؟ hal tatakallam alingliziyya? Do you speak English?
نعم, أنا أتكلم الانجليزية. na-am, ana atakallam alingliziyya. Yes, I speak English.
لا, أنا لا اتكلم الانجليزية. la, ana la atakallam alingliziyya. No, I don’t speak English.
Arabic Lessons Arabic Online Basic Arabic]]>

Preparation for IELTS

IELTS Preparation  in Coimbatore for best Training and super intensive Coaching and Tutoring for Reading, Writing, Listening and Speaking in the IELTS  Exams.

IELTS Preparation in Coimbatore Lingua World offers the best IELTS Training in Coimbatore. The weekly and weekday IELTS Coaching sessions are tailored to the needs of professionals and executives visiting English speaking countries for business or higher education. Reading: Reading is one of the hardest areas in IELTS Preparation. As performance in Reading Paper decides the overall performance of the candidate special care has to be taken and more focus must be attached to this training part. We have framed the IELTS Reading module in such a way as to enable the candidates to perform very well in the Reading paper. Writing : Writing is a well-refined art requiring a great deal of preparation. As the Task 1 in the Academic Stream requires the skill of interpreting the graphs and charts we are making available to the candidates hundreds of worked-out samples and modals making the task of interpreting the data a  breeze.   Listening: For improving the pronunciation of the participants special audio-video sessions are conducted on a regular basis which help improve the accent and pronunciation of the candidates. In the process the overall communication skills of the IELTS candidates are enhanced.

IELTS Preparation in Coimbatore

Speaking: As the speaking part of the IELTS test assesses the speaking skills of the candidate special care is taken to ensure that the candidate is able to do all the three parts of the speaking test effectively and quite successfully. Test for fine tuning the skills of communication is conducted on a regular basis. As a result our candidates are heads and shoulders above others in all the four areas.   IELTS in Coimbatore Plus Points of the IELTS Training:
  • Individualized and personalized training
  • Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation
  • A structured method of teaching
  • A track record of success in IELTS Training
  • Developing Communication Skills
  • Structured Materials
  • Integration of modern technology

IELTS FORMAT

The IELTS test assesses your abilities in all four skills – listening, reading, writing and speaking – in under three hours.
IELTS is available in two test formats: Academic or General Training. There are four parts – Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking. The total test time is 2 hours and 45 minutes. All test takers take the same Listening and Speaking tests but different Reading and Writing tests. The distinction between IELTS Academic and IELTS General Training lies in the subject matter of the Reading and Writing components. Listening, Reading and Writing must be completed on the same day, with no breaks in between them. The order in which these tests are taken may vary. The Speaking test will either be after a break on the same day as the other three tests, or up to a week before or after the other tests. This will depend on your test centre.

Listening

30 minutes You will listen to four recorded texts, monologues and conversations by a range of native speakers, and write your answers to a series of questions. These include questions that test your ability to understand main ideas and detailed factual information, ability to understand the opinions and attitudes of speakers, ability to understand the purpose of an utterance and the ability to follow the development of ideas. A variety of voices and native-speaker accents are used and each section is heard only once. IELTS Reading, Writing, Listening , Speaking Section 1 A conversation between two people set in an everyday social context. Section 2 A monologue set in an everyday social context, e.g. a speech about local facilities. Section 3 A conversation between up to four people set in an educational or training context, e.g. a university tutor and a student discussing an assignment. Section 4 A monologue on an academic subject, e.g. a university lecture. IELTS Coaching

Academic Reading

60 minutes The Reading component consists of 40 questions. A variety of question types is used in order to test a wide range of reading skills. These include reading for gist, reading for main ideas, reading for detail, skimming, understanding logical argument and recognising writers’ opinions, attitudes and purpose. The Academic version includes three long texts which range from the descriptive and factual to the discursive and analytical. The texts are authentic and are taken from books, journals, magazines and newspapers. These have been selected for a non-specialist audience but are appropriate for people entering university courses or seeking professional registration.

General Training Reading

60 minutes The Reading component consists of 40 questions. A variety of question types is used in order to test a wide range of reading skills. These include reading for gist, reading for main ideas, reading for detail, skimming, understanding logical argument and recognising writers’ opinions, attitudes and purpose. The General Training version requires test takers to read extracts from books, magazines, newspapers, notices, advertisements, company handbooks and guidelines. These are materials you are likely to encounter on a daily basis in an English-speaking environment.

 Academic Writing

60 minutes The Writing component of IELTS Academic includes two tasks. Topics are of general interest to, and suitable for test takers entering undergraduate and postgraduate studies or seeking professional registration. Task 1 You will be presented with a graph, table, chart or diagram and asked to describe, summarise or explain the information in your own words. You may be asked to describe and explain data, describe the stages of a process, how something works or describe an object or event. Task 2 You will be asked to write an essay in response to a point of view, argument or problem. Responses to both tasks must be in a formal style.

General Training Writing

60 minutes The Writing component of IELTS General Training includes two tasks which are based on topics of general interest. Task 1 You will be presented with a situation and asked to write a letter requesting information, or explaining the situation. The letter may be personal, semi-formal or formal in style. Task 2 You will be asked to write an essay in response to a point of view, argument or problem. The essay can be slightly more personal in style than the Academic Writing Task 2 essay. IELTS Ptactice

Speaking

1114 minutes The Speaking component assesses your use of spoken English, and takes between 11 and 14 minutes to complete. Every test is recorded. The Speaking component is delivered in such a way that it does not allow people to rehearse set responses beforehand. Part 1 The examiner will ask you general questions about yourself and a range of familiar topics, such as home, family, work, studies and interests. This part lasts between 4 and 5 minutes. Part 2 You will be given a card which asks you to talk about a particular topic. You will have 1 minute to prepare before speaking for up to 2 minutes. The examiner will then ask one or two questions on the same topic to finish this part of the test. Part 3 You will be asked further questions connected to the topic in Part 2. These questions will give you the opportunity to discuss more abstract ideas and issues. This part of the test lasts between 4 and 5 minutes

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