Classroom – Hindi – linguaworld

Hindi Classroom:Essential Vocabulary

Classroom - Hindi, Learn Hindi / By Vaikundamoni

Days of the week

आज (aag) – today इतवार (itvaar) / रविवार (ravivaar) – Sunday सोमवार (somvaar) – Monday

मंगलवार (mangalvaar) – Tuesday बुधवार (buudhvaar) – Wednesday गुरुवार (guuruuvaar) – Thursday शुक्रवार (shuukravaar) – Friday शनिवार (shanivaar) शनीचर (sanichar) – Saturday

Numbers

0 — शून्य SHOONYA 1 — एक EK ( Sounds like, “k” pronounced in reverse) 2 — दो DO (D spoken with tongue touching the back of your incissor teeth) 3 — तीन TEEN (T spoken with tongue touching the back of your incissor teeth) 4 — चार CHAR (CH as in “cherry”,AR as “r”) 5 — पांच PAANCH (PAA as in “papa” and N is nasalized) 6 — छः CHHE 7 — सात SAAT 8 — आठ AATH 9 — नौ NAU 10 — दस DUS

11 — ग्यारह GYAARAH 12 — बारह BAARAH 13 — तेरह TERAH 14 — चौदह CHAUDAH 15 — पन्द्रह PANDRAH 16 — सोलह SOLAH 17 — सत्रह SATRAH 18 — अठारह ATHAARAH 19 — उन्नीस UNNEES 20 — बीस BEES

Months of the year

जनवरी (janvari) – January फरवरी (farvari) – February मार्च (marc) – March अप्रैल (aprail) – April मई (mai) – May जून (jun) – June जुलाई (julai) – July अगस्त (agast) – August

सितम्बर (sitambar) – September अक्तूबर (aktubar) – October नवम्बर (navambar) – November दिसम्बर (disambar) – December

Question Words

Who? – कौन (kaun) What? – क्या (kyaa) Why? – क्यों (kyon) How? – कैसा (kaisaa) When? – कब (kab)

Where? – कहाँ (kahaan) How many? – कितने (kitne) Whose? – किसका (kiskaa) How much? – कितना (kitnaa)

Colours

Red – लाल laal Green – हरा ha-raa Black – काला kaa-laa White – सफेद safed Blue – नीला niila Orange – नारंगी Naa-rangii or संतरी sun-tha-rii]]>

Hindi Classroom:Simple Past Tense

Classroom - Hindi / By Vaikundamoni

Past Habitual Tense & अपना

The past habitual tense in Hindi is very similar to the present habitual tense (see Lesson 3). The only difference is that in present habitual tense, you add the present form of होना to the end, while in the past habitual tense, you add the past form of होना to the end. The table below conjugates the verb जाना into past habitual tense.

	Masculine	Feminine
I used to go	मैं जाता था	मैं जाती थी
you used to go (informal)	तू जाता था	तू जाती थी
you used to go	तुम जाते थे	तुम जाती थी
you used to go (formal)	आप जाते थे	आप जाती थीं
he, she, it used to go	वह जाता था	वह जाती थी
we used to go	हम जाते थे	हम जाती थीं
they used to go	वे जाते थे	वे जाती थीं

The Possessive Pronoun अपना

Possessive pronouns (sometimes called possessive adjectives) are words like my – मेरा, your – आपका, and his – उसका. In Hindi, when the subject of a sentence is also what is possessive of a different noun, a special possessive pronoun is used – अपना. This possessive pronoun will follow the same inflection rules as the others you have learned.

I will give you my book. – मैं आपको अपनी किताब दूँगा।

She thinks about her brother a lot. – वह अपने भाई के बारे में बहुत सोचती है।

Give me your pen. – मुझे अपना क़लम दो।

Vocabulary

every day	रोज़		to live, to remain, to stay	रहना
park	पार्क

Examples

I used to go to the store every day. मैं रोज़ दुकान जाता था। She used to want to live in India. वह भारत में रहना चाहती थी। I used to play in that park. मैं उस पार्क में खेलता था। Tell me your name. मुझे अपना नाम बताइये। Eat your own food. अपना खाना खाइये।

Past Imperfect Tense with Transitive Verbs

Transitive & Intransitive Verbs

A transitive verb is a verb that can take an object, such as give, eat, or do. I gave him money. I ate food. He did work. Intransitive verbs (discussed in the next lesson) include go, come, and die. These verbs cannot have an object: he went food, or I came money.

Past Imperfect Tense

The past imperfect and past perfect tenses for transitive verbs are quite different from all the other tenses in Hindi. To form a past imperfect transitive verb, you must first add the postposition ने to the subject. Keep in mind that the subject will inflect, if possible. Then we will modify the verb. If the verb stem ends in a consonant, we will add आ if the direct object is masculine singular, ई if the direct object is feminine singular, ए if the direct object is masculine plural, and ईं if it is feminine plural. Now if the verb stem ends in a vowel, add या if the direct object is masculine singular, ई if the direct object is feminine singular, ए if it is masculine plural, and ईं if feminine plural. You should notice that in the past imperfect (and past perfect) tense, the verb agrees in gender with the direct object rather than the subject.

Irregular Verbs

There are four irregular verbs we need to consider: देना, लेना, करना, and पीना. These four verbs will all follow the same pattern. masculine singular object: दिया लिया किया पिया masculine plural object: दिये लिये किये पिये feminine singular object: दी ली की पी feminine plural object: दीं लीं कीं पीं

Examples

I gave him a book. मैं ने उसको किताब दी। She ate food. उसने खाना खाया। Did you (do) work today? क्या आप ने आज काम किया? I drank tea today. आज मैं ने चाय पी। He took my book. उसने मेरी किताब ली। When did you read her book? आप ने उसकी किताब कब पढ़ी? My father told me this. मेरे पिता ने मुझे यह बताया।]]>

Hindi Classroom:Hindi Present Continuous Tense

Classroom - Hindi / By Vaikundamoni

Present Continuous or Present Imperfect – अपूर्ण वर्तमान कल (apoorn varthaman kal) It refers to an action (or experience) as actually proceeding, still unfinished. Present Continuous is formed by adding रहा हूँ (raha hoon), रही हूँ (rahi hoon), रहे हो(rahe ho), रही हो( rahi ho), रहा है(raha hai), रही है(rahi hai), or रहे हैं(rahe hain) to the verb root, depending upon the gender and number of the noun. I am going मैं जा रहा/रही हूँ Mein ja raha/rahi hoon We are going हम जा रहे/रही है Ham ja rahe/rahi hai You are going (informal) तुम जा रहे हो Tum ja rahe ho You are going (formal) आप जा रहे/रही हैं Aap ja rahe/rahi hain He/She/It is going यह/वह जा रहा/रही है Yah/Vah ja raha/rahi hai These/They are going ये जा रहे हैं Ye ja rahe hain Those are going वे जा रहे हैं Ve ja rahe hain I am studying मैं पढ़ रहा हूँ Mein padh raha hoon Girls are studying लड़कियाँ पढ़ रहीं हैं Ladkiyan pardh rahin hain I am going to school मैं स्कूल जा रहा हूँ Mein school ja raha hoon Gita is eating bread. गीता रोटी खा रही है Gita roti kha rahi hai They are doing work वे काम कर रहे हैं Ve kaam kar rahe hain What are you doing? तुम क्या कर रहे हो? Tum kya kar rahe ho? Child is sleeping बच्चा सो रहा है (म.) (masculine child) बच्ची सो रही है (फ.) (feminine child) Bachcha so raha hai (m.) Bachchi so rahi hai (f.) Who is singing there? वहाँ कौन गा रहा है? Vahan kaun ga raha hai? We are learning Hindi हम हिन्दी सीख रहे हैं Ham Hindi seekh rahe hain She is stitching clothes. वह कपड़े सी रही है Vah kapade see rahi hai Grandpa is reading newspaper दादाजी अख़बार पढ़ रहे हैं Dadaji akhbar pardh rahe hain That lady is selling fruits वह औरत फल बेच रही है Vah aurath phal bech rahi hai Where are you coming from? आप कहाँ से आ रहे हैं? Aap kahan se aa rahe hain? He is laughing वह हँस रहा है Vah hans raha hai Present Continuous Tense in Hindi Using the present continuous tense in Hindi is easy. To make a verb present continuous, use only the root of the verb, plus the correct form of रहा, plus the present time marker (see Lesson 1). The table below conjugates the verb जाना into the present continuous tense.

	Masculine	Feminine
I am going	मैं जा रहा हूँ	मैं जा रही हूँ
you are going (informal)	तू जा रहा है	तू जा रही है
you are going	तुम जा रहे हो	तुम जा रही हो
you are going (formal)	आप जा रहे हैं	आप जा रही हैं
he, she, it is going	वह जा रहा है	वह जा रही है
we are going	हम जा रहे हैं	हम जा रही हैं
they are going	वे जा रहे हैं	वे जा रही हैं

Note: Just as in English, this tense can sometimes be used to talk about something that will happen in the near future (e.g., I am going to New Delhi tomorrow).

Using करना

This verb is one of the most used words in Hindi. If you can understand a few of the ways it can be used, your speaking skills will significantly improve. Often you can put करना after a noun or adjective to make it a verb. The Hindi word for help or assistanceis मदद^f.. So to make the verb to help, you can say मदद करना. Whenever these types of verbs are introduced in the vocabulary section, you will notice a formula to help you correctly make a complete sentence.

Vocabulary

to wash	धोना	to clean X	X साफ़ करना
cloth	कपड़ा^m.	to buy	ख़रीदना
help	मदद^f.	to help X	X की मदद करना
use	इस्तेमाल^m.	to use X	X इस्तेमाल करना
for	के लिये

Examples

I am coming right now. मैं अभी आ रहा हूँ। My sister is buying food. मेरी बहन खाना ख़रीद रही है। My mom is washing my clothes for me. मेरी माता मेरे लिये मेरे कपड़े धो रही है। I am using a pen. मैं क़लम इस्तेमाल कर रहा हूँ। She is cleaning the floor. वह फ़र्श साफ़ कर रही है।]]>

Hindi Classroom:Hindi To Be Verbs

Classroom - Hindi / By Vaikundamoni

In this Hindi Lesson,you’ll learn

Something about “Be verbs” in Hindi Be verbs show state of being. I am happy. You are so sleepy.He is a dog. She is beautiful.Her husband was bald.You were so nice to me. All italicized words in the above sentences are “Be verbs” in English.A careful observation will show that each pronoun has a fixed “be verb” associated with it. “I” comes with “am” “You” is associated to “are” This is called subject-verb agreement. The verb has to agree with the subject present in the sentence. The subject -verb agreement exist in all the languages and Hindi is no exception. Hindi be verbs also agree with the subject pronoun present in the sentence. The different kind of Hindi pronouns have already been covered earlier. In this lesson, we shall study the Hindi “be verbs” associated with those pronouns.

First person pronoun:

मैं president हूँ \|(main president hoon)	I am the President.
मैं president था \|(main president thaa)	I was the President.(M)
मैं president थी \|(main president thee)	I was the President.(F)

Second person pronoun:

तुम president हो\|(tum president* ho)आप president हो \| (aap president ho)*	You are the President.
Male:तुम president थे \|(tum president the)Female:तुम president थी \| (tum president thee) आप president थे\| (aap president the)	You were the President.

Third person pronouns:

ओबामा president है \|(obama president hai )	Obama is the President.
बुश president था /थे \|(bush president thaa/the)	Bush was the President.

मैं ___हूँ = I amमैं ____था= I was तुम __हो = You are तुम ___थे =You were आप __हैं = You are आप___थे =You were

यह/वह ___है =He/She is यह/वह___ था/थी/थे =He/She was

In this Hindi Lesson

You’ll learn “Be verbs” for pronouns in Plural case

हम भारतीय है \|(ham bhaartiyaa hain)	We are Indians.
हम भारतीय थे \|(ham bhaartiyaa the)	We were Indians.

हम____ है (ham____ hain) = We are

आप भारतीय हैं \|(aap bhaartiyaa hain)	You are Indians.
आप भारतीय थे \|(aap bhaartiyaa the)	You were Indians.

आप____ हैं(aap____ hain) = You are

वे भारतीय हैं \|(ve bhaartiyaa hain)	They are Indians.
वे भारतीय थे \|(ve bhaartiyaa the)	They were Indians.

वे____ हैं (ve____ hain) = They are

]]>

Hindi Classroom:Pronouns and Possessives

Classroom - Hindi / By Vaikundamoni

Learn Hindi

Pronouns

The first person pronoun in English is “I” as in ” I am _______”. Hindi equivalent for English “I” is “मैं (main)”. “am” is a be verb. Together ” I am” translates to ” “मैं ____हूँ”. (main —-hoon) in Hindi. Hindi follows Subject-Object-Verb format. All Hindi sentences end with verbs. “हूँ” (hoon) is a Hindi “be verb” like “am” in English only used for first person pronouns.

Hindi	English
मैं पीटर हूँ \| (main peter hoon)	I am peter
मैं spiderman हूँ \| (main spiderman hoon)	I am the spiderman
मैं photographer हूँ \| (main photographer hoon)	I am a photographer.
मैं अमेरिकन हूँ \| (main american hoon)	I am american.
मैं awesome हूँ \| (main awesome hoon)	I am awesome

Masculine (singular)	मेरा फोनmeraa phone	My phone
Masculine (plural)	मेरे फोनmere phone	My phones
Feminine (singular)	मेरी बहनmeri behan	My sister
Feminine (plural)	मेरी बहनेmeri behane	My sisters
Honor	मेरे पिताजीmere pitaajee	My father

मेरा , मेरी , मेरे = My

Telling your name in Hindi : “name is a masculine noun”

Hindi	English
मेरा नाम पीटर है \|(meraa naam peter hai)	My name is Peter.
मेरा नाम टीना है \|(mera naam teena hai)	My name is Teena.
मेरा नाम जोसफ है\|(mera naam joseph hai)	My name is Joseph.
मेरा नाम सैम है \|(meraa naam sam hai)	My name is Sam.
मेरा नाम रोन है \|(meraa naam ron hai)	My name is Ron.

मेरा नाम (meraa naam) = My name

Second Persons in Hindi.

You will learn to say sentences like

“You are beautiful” or “You are my love” in Hindi. There are 3 equivalents for English “you” in Hindi “तू (tu)“-is used when you are talking to someone who is either younger than you or very close to you in a relationship. Your friends, wives,younger sisters,brothers fall into this category.It is advisable not to use this pronoun while talking to a stranger or a person who is elder than you. “तुम(tum)” – Use it freely in all the informal conversations. “आप(aap)”- is used in formal conversations,more often while talking with elders or strangers.

Quick Tip: To be on safe side, use “आप(aap)” in all situations since it’ll work in all the cases.

	Hindi	English
First Person Singular	मैं पीटर हूँ \|main peter hoon	I am Peter

Second Person (very informal)	तू पीटर है \|tu peter hai	You are Peter
Second Person (informal)	तुम पीटर हो \|tum peter ho	You are Peter
Second Person (formal)	आप पीटर हैं \|aap peter ho	You are Peter

तू,तुम,आप = you

Possessive Pronouns

The English first person possessive pronoun is “My”. Hindi has 3 equivalents for this. 1)मेरा (mera) – to be used for masculine nouns 2)मेरी(meri) -to be used for feminine nouns 3)मेरे /मेरी(mere/meri) – to be used for plural nouns depending on the gender

Second Person Personal Pronoun

You will learn to say sentences like Your name is Monica. Your car is Ford in Hindi.

Masculine(singular)	तेरा फोन teraa phone तुम्हारा फोन tumhaaraa phone आपका फोन aapkaa phone	Your phone
Masculine(plural)	तेरे फोन tere phone तुम्हारे फोन tumhaare phone आपके फोन aapke phone	Your phones
Feminine(singular)	तेरी बहन teri bahan तुम्हारी बहन tumhaari bahan आपकी बहन aapki bahan	Your sister
Feminine(plural)	तेरी बहने teri bahane तुम्हारी बहने tumhaari bahane आपकी बहने aapki bahane	Your sisters
Honor	तेरे पिताजी tere pitaajee तुम्हारे पिताजी tumhaare pitaajee आपके पिताजी aapke pitaajee	Your father

तू = तेरा ,तेरी ,तेरे तुम = तुम्हारा,तुम्हारी ,तुम्हारे आप = आपका ,आपकी ,आपके

	Hindi	English
First Person Singular	मेरा नाम पीटर है \| mera naam peter hai	My name is Peter

Second Person (very informal)	तेरा नाम पीटर है \| tera naam peter hai	Your name is Peter
Second Person (informal)	तुम्हारा नाम पीटर है\| tumhara naam peter hai	Your name is Peter
Second Person (formal)	आपका नाम पीटर है \| aapka naam peter hai	Your name is Peter

In this Hindi lesson

Third person Possessive Pronouns

Previously you learned Hindi pronouns like मैं (main), तुम (tum),यह (yah), वह (vah)………….. You also learned the possessive forms of pronouns “मैं” and “तुम” The possessive forms of “मैं ” are “मेरा / मेरी /मेरे ” Similarly the possessive forms of “तुम ” are “तुम्हारा/तुम्हारी/तुम्हारे” In this lesson, we shall see the possessive form of यह (yah) and वह (vah) We will try to make sentences like His Car is Ford or Her name is Monica. Just to remind you that “यह” is used to describe objects or persons near you while “वह” is used to describe objects away from you.

	Hindi	English
Talking about a person who is near you.For example: You and John are talking about your third friend who is sitting together with you.	इसका फोनiska phone	His/Her phone
	इसकी गाड़ीiskee gaadi	His/Her Car
	इसका भाईiskaa bhaai	His Brother
	इसकी बहनiskee bahan	His/Her Sister
	इसका फोन samsung है \|iskaa phone samsung hai	His/Her phone is samsung.
	इसकी गाड़ी Ford है \| iskee gaadi ford hai	His/Her car is Ford.

	Hindi	English
Talking about a person who is away from you.For example You and John are talking about who is not with you but somewhere else.	उसका फोनooska phone	His/Her phone
	उसकी गाड़ीooskee gaadi	His/Her Car
	उसका भाईooskaa bhaai	His Brother
	उसकी बहनooskee bahan	His/Her Sister
	उसका फोन samsung है \|ooskaa phone samsung hai	His/Her phone is samsung.
	उसकी गाड़ी Ford है \|ooskee gaadi ford hai	His/Her car is Ford.

Hindi	English
हम भारतीय हैं \|(hum bhaarteey hain)	we are Indians.
हम डॉक्टर हैं \|(hum doctor hain)	We are Doctors.
आप भारतीय हैं \|(aap bhaarteey hain)	You are Indians.
आप डॉक्टर हैं \|(aap doctor hain)	You are Doctors.
वे भारतीय हैं \|(ve bharteey hain)	They are Indians.
वे डॉक्टर हैं \|(ve doctor hain)	They are Doctors.

हम = weआप = You

वे = They

Describing Masculine Objects :

भारत हमारा देश है \|(bhaarat hamaara desh hai)	India is our country.
अमरीका आपका देश है \|(amrikaa aapkaa desh hai)	Amerika is your country.
जपान उनका देश है \|(japaan unkaa desh hai)	Japan is their country.

Describing Feminine Objects:

इंडिका हमारी कार है \|(indicaa hamaari car hai)	Indica is our car.
स्पार्क आपकी कार है \|(spark aapki car hai)	Spark is your car.
मारुती उनकी कार है \|(maaruti unkee car hai)	Maruti is their car.

Describing Multiple objects

हमारे पैसे(hamaare paise)	Our money
आपके पैसे (aapke paise)	Your money
उनके पैसे(unke paise)	Their money

Our = हमारा/हमारी /हमारे Your = आपका / आपकी /आपके Their = उनका /उनकी /उनके

]]>

Hindi Classroom:Hindi Conversation Personal

Classroom - Hindi / By Vaikundamoni

Talking about School

Talking About School – Conversation In Hindi Tutorial – is based around developing skills in talking about school in Hindi. It consists of typical questions asked to enquire about someone and response that would normally be given in English, Hindi (Roman) and Hindi (Devnagri).

Question	Response
Do you go to school? Kya aap school jaate ho? क्या आप स्कूल जाते हो?	Yes, I do. Haan, mai jaataa hoon. हाँ, मै स्कूल जाता हू।
What’s the name of your school? Aapke vidyalay kaa naam kya hai? आप के विद्यालय का नाम क्या है?	XYZ school. XYZ school षयश स्कूल्
Where is your school located? Aap kii pathshala kahaan par hai? आप् की पाठशाला कहाँ पर है?	It’s on Campbell road in –city– state– Yah —city–state mein campbell road par hai. यह् —-शहर् –राज्य में कैम्प् बेल् रोड् पर है।
Do you commute daily to school from your home? Kya aap school roz ghar se jaate ho? क्या आप स्कूल रोज् घर से जाते हो?	Yes, I commute daily in school bus. Haan, mai roz school bus ke jariye jaataa hoon. हाँ, मै रोज् स्कूल बस के जरीये जाता हूँ।
How far is your school from your house? Ghar se school kitnee duur hai? घर से स्कूल कितनी दूर है?	It’s about 6 kms. Yeh lagbhag cheh kilometer hai. यह लगभग छः किलोमिटर् है।
Which class you are studying now? Aap kis kaksha mein padhate ho? आप किस कक्षा में पढते हो?	I’m studying in 5th standard. Mai paanchavi kaksha mein padhataa hoon. मै पाँचवी कक्षा में पढता हूँ।

Vocabulary

school – school, paathshala, vidyaalay daily – roz far, distance – duur, duuri house – ghar to study – padhana about – lagbhag class, standard – kaksha fifth – paanchavi

Talking About Birthday

Talking About Birthday – Conversation In Hindi Tutorial – is based around developing skills in talking about birthday in Hindi. It consists of typical questions asked to enquire about someone and response that would normally be given in English, Hindi (Roman) and Hindi (Devnagri).

Question	Response
When is your birthday? Aap kaa janm din kab hai? आप का जन्म दिन कब है?	My birthday is on 31st day of this month. Mera janm din is mahine ke ek-tees-vey din hai. मेरा जन्म दिन इस महिने के एक तीस्वें दिन है।
Happy birthday to you. Janm din mubarak ho. जन्म दिन मुबारक हो।	Thank you. Dhanyavaad. धन्यवाद्।
How old are you now. Aap kitane vars ke ho gaye? आप कितने वर्ष के हो गये?	I am 15 years old now. Mai pandrah vars kaa hoon. मै पन्द्रह वर्ष् का हूँ।
Are you planning a birthday party? Kya aap janm din utsav manaa rahe hai? क्या आप जन्म दिन उत्सव् मना रहे हैं?	Yes, I am planning to have a birthday party at our home. Haan, mai apne ghar par janm din manaane kaa yojana banaa rahaa hoon. हाँ, मै अपने घर पर जन्म दिन मनाने कि योजना बना रहा हूँ।
Who are you inviting for that party? Us utsav mein kin-ko bulaa rahe ho? उस उत्सव में किन को बुला रहे हो?	I am inviting all my friends. mai apne sabhi doston ko nimantran de rahaa hoo. मैं अपने सभी दोस्तों को निमन्त्रण दे रहा हूँ।
God bless you. Wish you a very happy bithday on 31st. Ishwar aap par kripa kare. Ek-tees ko aapke bahut khushi-purn janm din ki shubh kamanaaye. ईश्वर आप पर कृपा करे। एकतीस् को आप के बहुत खुशी-पूर्ण जन्म दिन की शुभ् कामनायें।	Thank you. Dhanyavaad. धन्यवाद्।

Vocabulary

birthaday – janm din 31st – ek-tees-vaan month – mahinaa to invite – bulaanaa, nimantran dena to plan – yojanaa banaanaa year – vars God bless you – Ishwar aap par kripa kare to wish – shubh-kaamanaa dena happy – khush, khushi-purn

Talking About Birthday Tutorial

Discussing Birthday

Question	Response
When is your birthday? Aap kaa janm din kab hai? आप का जन्म दिन कब है?	My birthday is on 31st day of this month. Mera janm din is mahine ke ek-tees-vey din hai. मेरा जन्म दिन इस महिने के एक तीस्वें दिन है।
Happy birthday to you. Janm din mubarak ho. जन्म दिन मुबारक हो।	Thank you. Dhanyavaad. धन्यवाद्।
How old are you now. Aap kitane vars ke ho gaye? आप कितने वर्ष के हो गये?	I am 15 years old now. Mai pandrah vars kaa hoon. मै पन्द्रह वर्ष् का हूँ।
Are you planning a birthday party? Kya aap janm din utsav manaa rahe hai? क्या आप जन्म दिन उत्सव् मना रहे हैं?	Yes, I am planning to have a birthday party at our home. Haan, mai apne ghar par janm din manaane kaa yojana banaa rahaa hoon. हाँ, मै अपने घर पर जन्म दिन मनाने कि योजना बना रहा हूँ।
Who are you inviting for that party? Us utsav mein kin-ko bulaa rahe ho? उस उत्सव में किन को बुला रहे हो?	I am inviting all my friends. mai apne sabhi doston ko nimantran de rahaa hoo. मैं अपने सभी दोस्तों को निमन्त्रण दे रहा हूँ।
God bless you. Wish you a very happy bithday on 31st. Ishwar aap par kripa kare. Ek-tees ko aapke bahut khushi-purn janm din ki shubh kamanaaye. ईश्वर आप पर कृपा करे। एकतीस् को आप के बहुत खुशी-पूर्ण जन्म दिन की शुभ् कामनायें।	Thank you. Dhanyavaad. धन्यवाद्।

Vocabulary

Talking about Pets

Talking About Pets – Conversation In Hindi Tutorial – is based around developing skills in talking about pets in Hindi. It consists of typical questions asked to enquire about someone and response that would normally be given in English, Hindi (Roman) and Hindi (Devnagri).

Talking About Pets In Hindi

Question	Response
Do you like pets? Kya aapko paalatu jeev pasand hai? क्या आप को पालतू जीव पसन्द हैं?	Yes, I do like pets. Haan, mai paalatu jeev pasand karata (f. karatee) hoon. हाँ, मैं पालतू जीव पसन्द करता हूँ।
Do you have a pet? Kya aapke paas koi paalatu jeev hai? क्या आप के पास कोइ पालतू जीव है?	Yes, I have a parrot. Haan, mere paas ek tota hai. हाँ मेरे पास एक तोता है।
What name you have given to him/her? Aap ne usko kya naam diya hai? आप ने उसको क्या नाम दिया है?	I call him ‘Copy-cat’. Mai usko ‘Copy-cat’ kahataa (f.kahatee) hoon. मैं उसको ‘कापी-कैट्’ कहता हूँ।
Why so? Aisaa kyon? ऐसा क्यों?	Because he copies other’s talk. kyon-ki vah doosare ki baat-cheet ki nakal karataa hai. क्योंकि वह दूसरे की बात्-चीत की नकल करता है।
What do you feed him? Aap usay khane ke liye kya dete ho? आप उसे खाने के लिये क्या देते हो?	Some chopped fruits and bread. Kuchh katay huye phal aur roti. कुछ कटे हुये फल और रोटी।
Do you feel happy taking care of your pet? Kya aap apne paalatu tota ki dekh-bhaal karke khush hotay ho? क्या आप अपने पालतू तोता की देखभाल करके खुश होते हो?	Yes, I feel good. Haan, mujhe achchhaa lagataa hai. हाँ, मुझे अच्छा लगता है।

Vocabulary

pet, pets – paalatu jeev to like – pasand karanaa parrot – tota talk – baatcheet taking care – dekh bhaal karanaa to feel good – achchhaa laganaa

Talking about movies

Talking About Movies – Conversation In Hindi Tutorial – is based around developing skills in talking about cinema in Hindi. It consists of typical questions asked to enquire about someone and response that would normally be given in English, Hindi (Roman) and Hindi (Devnagri).

Question	Response
Do you like watching movies? Kya aapko cinema dekhanaa pasand hai? क्या आप को सिनेमा देखना पसन्द है?	Yes, I do like watching movies. Haan, mai cinema dekhanaa pasand karata (f. karatee) hoon. हाँ, मैं सिनेमा देखना पसन्द करता हूँ।
When do you prefer to watch a movie? Aap cinema kab dekhanaa pasand karate hai? आप सिनेमा कब देखना पसन्द करते हैं?	I prefer to watch in the afternoon. mai do-pahar-baad dekhanaa jyaada pasand karataa hoon. मैं दोपहर्-बाद देखना ज्यादा पसन्द करता हूँ।
Do you prefer to watch in a movie-hall or on your home theatre system? Aap cinema-hall mein dekhana jyaada pasand karate hai yaa apnay home-theatre-system par? आप सिनेमा हाल में देखना ज्याद पसन्द करते हैं, या अपने होम्-थिएटर पर्?	I prefer to watch in a movie hall. Mai cinema-hall mein dekhanaa jyaadaa pasand karataa (f.karatee) hoon. मै सिनेमा हाल में देखना ज्यादा पसन्द करता हूँ।
Why so? Aisaa kyon? ऐसा क्यों?	I enjoy it more there. mujhe vahaan jyaadaa mazaa aataa hai. मुझे वहाँ ज्यादा मजा आता है।
Any other reason? Aur koi kaaran? और कोई कारण्?	My friends can join me there. Mere dost vahaan mil sakate hai. मेरे दोस्त वहाँ मिल सकते हैं।
Without disturbing anyone in the family. Parivaar mein kisi ko paresaan kiye binaa. परिवार में किसी को परेशान किये बिना?	Yes, that too. Haan, vah bhi. हाँ, वह भी।

Vocabulary

watching movies – cinema dekhanaa to like – pasand karanaa afternoon – do pahar baad enjoy – mazaa reason – kaaran family – parivaar to disturb – paresaan karanaa]]>

Hindi Classroom:Conversations-Business and Travel

Classroom - Hindi / By Vaikundamoni

Shopping In Hindi

Question	Response
Hello I would like to purchase some readymade garments. Namaste! Main kuchh taiyyar kapade khareedana chahungaa. नमस्ते! मै़ कुछ तैय्यार कपडे खरीदना चाहूँगा।	Right sir, what would you like to buy? Theek mahoday. Aap kya khareedana chahenge? ठीक महोदय्, आप क्या खरीदना चाहे़गे?
I would like to buy some T-shirts, a shirt and a pair of trousers. Main kuchh T-shirt, ek kameez aur ek jodi patloon khareedana chahungaa. मै़ कुछ टी-शर्ट्, एक कमीज और एक जोडी पतलून खरीदना चाहू़गा।	Which colors you prefer?. Aap kaun sa rang pasand karte hain?. आप कौन सा ऱग् पसन्द करते है़?
Well, something in light colors, say light blue. Kuchh halke rang mein, jaise halka neela. कुछ् हल्के ऱग् मे़, जैसे हल्का नीला।	Fine. Please come this side. Theek hai. Kripaya is taraf aayen. ठीक है। कृपया इस तरफ आये़।
Here you are. kindly select your garments. Feel comfortable. Yahaan par aap kripaya kapade chuniye. Aaram se dekhiye. यहाँ पर आप कृपया कपडे चुनिये। आराम से देखिये।	(After selecting) I want to buy these five garments. How much do I have to pay? (Chunane ke baad) mai ye paanch vastr khareedana chahungaa. Mujhe kitnaa bhugtaan dena hai? (चुनने के बाद्) मै़ ये पाँच् वस्त्र खरीदना चाहू़गा। मुझे कितना भुगतान देना है?
Just a moment sir. Here is your bill which is Rs. 2200 only. Bus ek kshan mahoday. Ye aapka bill hai jo maatr 2200 rupaya hai. बस एक क्षण महोदय्। यह आप का बिल है जो मात्र् 2200 रुपया है।	Do you accept credit card, or you take cash only? Kya aap kredit kard sweekaar karate hain, yaa sirf nagad hi lete hai. क्या आप क्रेडिट् कार्ड् स्वीकार् करते है, या सिर्फ नगद् ही लेते है?
Credit card will do sir. Can I have your card? Kredit kard bhi sweekaar hai, mahoday. Kya main aapka kard le saktaa hoon?. क्रेडिट कार्ड भी स्वीकार है महोदय्। क्या मै़ आप का कार्ड ले सकता हू?	Here it is.(giving the card) Ye rahaa.(kard dete huye) ये रहा (कार्ड देते हुये)
Thank you, sir. here’s your card and the shopping bag. Dhanyavaad mahodaya, ye rahaa aapka kard aur khareedari ka saamaan. धन्यवाद महोदय्, ये रहा आप का कार्ड और खरीदारी का सामान्।	It’s a nice shopping experience. Thank you. Yeh khareedaari ka achchhaa anubhav rahaa. Dhanyvaad! ये खरीदारी का अच्छा अनुभव रहा। धन्यवाद्!

Vocabulary

sir – mahoday thank you – dhanyvaad purchase – khareedana garments – vastr to like – chahanaa color – rang light color – halka rang payment – bhugtaan to accept – sweekaar karanaa cash – nagad only – matr

Business Talks in Hindi

Business Talks in Hindi – helps you learn how to talk to a business partner in Hindi. It consists of typical questions asked to enquire about someone and response that would normally be given in English, Hindi (Roman) and Hindi (Devnagri).

Question	Response
Good morning sir. I’m Nitin. We had a business appointment today. Suprabhat Mahoday. main Nitin hoon. Aaj hamari ek vyapaarik vaarta hai. सुप्रभात महोदय्। मै नितिन हू। आज हमारी एक व्यापारिक वार्ता है।	Good morning to you. I do remeber it. Aapko bhi suprabhat. Mujhe yeh yaad hai. आप को भी सुप्रभात्। मुझे यह् याद है।
Please have a seat. Would you prefer tea or coffee? Kripaya baithiye. Aap chai lena pasand karenge ya koffee. कृपया बैठिये। आप चाय लेना पसन्द् करे़गे या काफी?	Tea would be fine. What about you? Chai theeek rahegaa. Aur aap ke liye? चाय् ठीक रहेगा। और आप के लिये?
I’ll also have tea. Well, what can I do for you? Main bhi chai lungaa. Achchha main aapke liye kya kar sakta hoon? मै भी चाय् लू़गा। अच्छा मै आप के लिये क्या कर सकता हू?	I’ve already sent you an application in this matter. Is baare mein pahale hi ek aavedan aapke pass bhej chukaa hoon. इस बारे मे एक आवेदन आप के पास भेज चुका हू।
I guess we have received it. Mera anumaan hai ki hame vah prapt ho chukaa hai. मेरा अनुमान है कि हमे वह प्राप्त हो चुका है।	We have come to know that you are about to start a business with our products. Hume maloom hua hai ki aap hamare maal ke jariye ek vyapaar shuru karane wale hain. हमे मालूम हुआ है कि आप हमारे माल के जरिये एक व्यापार शुरू करने वाले है।
Exactly. Now I would like you to explain me in detail about your terms and conditions. Bilkul theek. Ab main chahungaa ki aap niyamon aur sharton kaa vistrit vivaran mujhe de. बिल्कुल ठीक्। अब मै चाहुँगा कि आप नियमो और शर्तो का विस्त्रित विवरण् मुझे दे।	Very well. I’ll explain to you our terms and conditions.(Explains) Bahut Achchha. Main aapko hamare niyam aur shart vistaar se batata hoon. (batata hai) बहुत अच्छा। मै आप को हमारे नियम और शर्त विस्तार से बताता हू। (बताता है)
Ok! Your terms and conditions are ageeable to me. Theek hai. Aapke niyam aur shart mujhe maany hai. ठीक है। आप के नियम और शर्त मुझे मान्य है।	I’ll revert back to you in a week’s time. Ek saptah ke under hi main aapke pass dubara aungaa. एक सप्ताह के अन्दर ही मै आप के पास दुबारा आउगाँ।
Fine. I’ll be waiting for your positive response. Theek. Main aapke sakaratmak uttar ki pratiksha karungaa. ठीक मै आप के सकारात्मक् उत्तर की प्रतीक्षा करुगाँ।	See you again. Have a nice day. Fir milte hain. Aapka din achchha rahe. फिर मिलते है़। आप का दिन अच्छा रहे।

Vocabulary

sir – mahoday Good morning – Suprabhat business appointment – vyapaarik vaarta application – aavedan guess – anumaan come to know – maloom hua terms and condition – niyam aur shart explaination in details – vistrit vivaran, vistaar se batana agreeable – maany positive response – sakaratmak uttar wait – pratiksha

Conversation at Hotel

Conversation In Hindi At Hotel – helps you learn how to talk to hotel staff in Hindi. It consists of typical questions asked to enquire about someone and response that would normally be given in English, Hindi (Roman) and Hindi (Devnagri)

Question	Response
I would like a double bed room. Main ek do-bistar-wala kamara lena chahata hoon. मै एक दो बिस्तर का कमरा लेना चाहता हूँ।	Good morning sir, would you like an airconditioned room or a simple room? Suprabhat, mahoday. Aap vaatanukulit kamara lenge yaa saamanya. सुप्रभात्, महोदय्। आप वातानुकूलित कमरा लेगे़ या सामान्य्।
Well, what is the tariff of the two? Dono ka kiraya kya hai? दोनो का किराया क्या है?	The difference is Rs. 450 only. And how many members are you? Anter sirf 450 rupaya hai. Aur aap kitne sadasya hain? अन्तर सिर्फ चार सौ पचास् रुपये है, और आप कितने सदस्य है?
My wife, two children aged 11 and 9, and I. Main, meri patni aur do bachche jo 9 aur 11 saal ke hain. मै, मेरी पत्नी और दो बच्चे जो नौ और ग्यारह् साल के है।	Sir, an airconditioned room will be suitable for you. Mahoday, vaatanukulit kamara aapke liye upyukt rahega. महोदय्, वातानुकूलित कमरा आप के लिये उपयुक्त रहेगा।
Yes, and what is the checkout time? Haan, aur kamara khali karne ka samay kya hai. हाँ, और कमरा खाली करने का समय क्या है?	It is 12 noon. Kindly fill up this form. Dopahar 12 baje. Kripaya yeh form bhar dijiye. दोपहर बारह् बजे। कृपया यह फार्म भर दीजिये
Here it is. I’ve filled it. Yeh lijiye. Main bhar diya hai. यह लीजिये। मैने भर दिया है।	Thank you sir. It would be nice of you to deposit some money also. Dhanyavaad mahoday. Yadi aap kuchh rakam jama kar de to behatar hoga. धन्यवाद महोदय्। यदि आप कुछ रकम जमा कर दे़ तो बेहतर होगा।
You plan to stay for three days? Aap teen din rahana chahate hai? आप तीन दिन रहना चाहते है?	Yes. Here is Rs. 5000. Will it do? Haan. Ye rahe paanch hazar rupaye. Kya itna chalega? हाँ । ये रहे पाचँ हजार रुपये। क्या इतना चलेगा।
Right sir. You can stay in room No. 403. Theek hai mahoday. Aap kamara number 403 mein rah sakte hai. ठीक है महोदय्। आप कमरा नम्बर चार सौ तीन मे़ रह सकते है।	Can you arrange to send my luggage to my room? Kya mera saman kamre tak bhej sakte hain? क्या मेरा सामान कमरे तक भेज सकते है?
The bell boy will carry your luggage.Have a comfortable stay. Maalvahak ladka aapka saman ley jayega. Aapka rahana aaram daayuk ho. माल वाहक लडका आप का सामान ले जायेगा। आप का रहना आरामदायक् हो।	Thankyou. Dhanyavaad. धन्यवाद्।

Vocabulary

sir – mahoday Good morning – Suprabhat airconditioned – vaatanukulit tariff, rent – kiraya suitable – upyukt checkout time – kamara khali karne ka samay to deposit – jama karana money – rakam to stay – rahana luggage – saman comfortable – aaram daayuk

Travel Talk in Hindi

Travel Related Talk in Hindi – helps you learn how to enquire about travel arrangements in Hindi. It consists of typical questions asked to enquire about someone and response that would normally be given in English, Hindi (Roman) and Hindi (Devnagri).

Question	Response
Which way to the airport? Hawai adda kis taraf hai? हवाइ अड्डा किस तरफ है?	Take the left turn at next crossing. Agaley chaurahe par baayen ghoom jaanaa. अगले चौराहे पर बायेँ घूम जाना।
How much time it takes to reach there? Vahaan pahuchane mein kitna samay lagega? वहाँ पहुचने मे कितना समय लगेगा?	Approximately 30 minutes. Lagbhag tees minute. लगभग तीस मिनट्।
What is the flight number? Udaan sankhya kya hai? उडान स़ख्या क्या है?	Flight number 604. Udaan Sankhya 604. उडान स़ख्या छः सौ चार्।
What time does it leave? Vo kitne baje jata hai? वो कितने बजे जाता है?	It’s scheduled departure time is 2.30 AM. Iska jaane ka nirdharit samay subah do baj kar tees minute par hai. इसका जाने का निर्धारित समय सुबह दो बज कर तीस मिनट पर है।
How much the excess baggage charge? Jyada saman ka kitna bhugtaan? ज्यादा सामान का कितना भुगतान्?	Rs. 90 per kg only. Matr nabbe rupaya prati kilogram. मात्र नब्बे रुपया प्रति किलोग्राम्।

Vocabulary

airport – hawai adda to reach – pahuchana time – samay flight number – udaan sankhya excess baggage – jyada saman charge, payment – bhugtaan how much – kitna

Hindi for Sight-seeing

Conversation in Hindi during Sight-seeing – helps you learn how to enquire about sight seeing aspects in Hindi. It consists of typical questions asked to enquire about someone and response that would normally be given in English, Hindi (Roman) and Hindi (Devnagri).

Question	Response
What is worth seeing here? Yahaan dekhane layak kya hai? यहाँ देखने लायक क्या है?	There are some temples and an old fort. Vahaan kuchh mandir hain aur ek purana kila. वहाँ कुछ मंदिर है और एक पुराना किला।
How many temples are there? Vahaan kitne mandir hain? वहाँ कितने मन्दिर है?	24 temples in all but 10 of them are in ruins. Kul chaubis mandir haiin lekin unmein se dus khandahar hai. कुल चौबीस मन्दिर है लेकिन उनमें से दस खन्डहर है।
Where is the fort? Kila kidhar hai? किला किधर है?	The fort is on the other side of river. Kila nadi ke dusari taraf hai. किला नदी के दुसरी तरफ है।
Please take me there. Kripaya mujhe vahaan le chaliye. कृपया मुझे वहाँ ले चलिये।	With pleasure. Khusi se. खुशी से।
How long will it take? Is mein kitna samay lagega? इस मे़ कितना समय लगेगा?	It will take about 3 hours. Takariban teen ghante lagenge. तकरीबन तीन घन्टे लगेंगे।
Then, take us back. Phir, humko vapas le chalo. फिर्, हमको वापस ले चलो।	All right. Theek hai. ठीक है।

Vocabulary

worth seeing – dekhane layak here – yahaan, idhar there – vahaan, udhar temple – mandir fort – kila back – vapas how long – kitna samay ruins – khandahar]]>

Hindi Classroom:Hindi Conversations

Classroom - Hindi / By Vaikundamoni

Introducing Yourself

Introducing Yourself – is based around developing skills in introducing yourself in Hindi. It consists of typical questions asked to enquire about someone and response that would normally be given in English, Hindi (Roman) and Hindi (Devnagri).

Question	Response
Hello Namaste’ नमस्ते	Hi Namaste’ नमस्ते
What is your name please? Aap kaa shubh naam? आप् का शुभ नाम्?	My name is Charles Brown. Mera naam Charles Brown hai. मेरा नाम चार्लेस् ब्रौन् है.
How long you have been in this country? Aap is desh mein kab se hain? आप् इस देश मे कब से है?	For the past six months. pichhale chheh mahine se. पिछले छः महिने से.
Where do you stay? Aap kahaan rahate hain? आप कहाँ रहते है?	At the moment, I am staying in a hotel. Abhi to mai ek hotel mein rahataa hoon. अभी तो मै एक होटेल् मे रहता हू.
OK! I shall leave now. Will meet again. Achchha, abhi mai chalataa hoon. Phir milenge. अच्छा अभी मै चलता हू. फिर मिले़गे.	Sure, thank you. Zaroor, dhanyabad. जरूर्, धन्यवाद्.

Vocabulary

name – naam month – mahina (pl. mahine) stay – rahanaa again – phir sure – zaroor thank you – dhanyavaad

Talking About Home & Family In Hindi

Question	Response
Hello How are you? Namaste! Aap kaise hain? नमस्ते! आप् कैसे है़?	I’m fine, Thank you! And, how are you? Main theek hoon. Dhanyavaad! Aur aap kaise hain? मै ठीक हू़। धन्यवाद्, और आप कैसे है़?
I’m pretty good! Where is your father? Main bilkul theek hoon. Aapke pita kahan hain? मै बिल्कुल ठीक हूँ। आप् के पिता कहाँ है़?	My father is out of town. Mere pita shahar se bahar gaye hain. मेरे पिता शहर् से बाहर गये हुऐ है़।
How many brothers and sisters you have? Aap kitne bhai – behan hain? आप् कितने भाई-बहन है़?	I’ve two brothers, but no sisters. Mere do bhai hain, par koi behan nahi hai. मेरे दो भाई है़ पर कोइ बहन नही है।
Any other member in your family? Aapke parivaar mein koi aur hai? आप् के परिवार मे़ कोई और है?	My grand father and grand mother stay with us. Mere dada aur dadi hamare sath rahate hain. मेरे दादा और दादी हमारे साथ् रहते है़।
Where is your house? Aapka ghar kahaan hai? आप का घर कहाँ है?	My house is in South City. Mera ghar South City mein hai. मेरा घर साउथ सिटी मे़ है।

Vocabulary

father – pita mother – mata brother – bhai sister – behan grand father – dada grand mother – dadi home – ghar family – parivaar ]]>

Hindi Classroom:Present Tense

Classroom - Hindi / By Vaikundamoni

Present Tense

The present tense are simple statements about what is happening now, examples: “I read.” “He writes.” “They shop.” etc. The conjugation of the verb will change depending up three things: 1) The “person” of the subject. Is the subject first person. Are you talking about “I” or “We”. Or is the subject second person, i.e. “you”. Or is the subject third person, i.e. “He” or “them” 2) Is the subject plural or singular? 3) Is the subject masculine, feminine, or a combination of the two. Remember that in Hindi, every noun has a “gender”, and the appropriate form of the verb needs to be used to match that gender. But before we get to the different forms of the present tense verb for masculine subjects, let us talk about the “root” of a verb. If you were to look up a verb in the dictionary, it would be in its “infinitive” form. Here are the verbs we will be using for the these four sessions on the present tense verbs: पढ़ना (pardnaa) – to read लिखना (likhanaa) – to write कहना (kahanaa) – to say खाना (khaanaa) – to eat जाना (jaanaa) – to go आना (aanaa) – to come सीखना (siikhana) – to learn सुनना (sunanaa) – to listen Notice how all the words end in -ना (-naa)? Remove that part, and you have the root of the verb. It is the root that endings are added to for each different case. The root of the verb “to read” पढ़ना (pardnaa) is पढ़ (pard). Identify the root of each of the other verbs. I will give you the answers tomorrow. First Person Singular The first person singular refers to “I”, the person that is speaking. “I” in Hindi is “मैं (main)”. There is a helper verb for मैं (main) is हूँ (huun). You will want to remember this combination मैं (main) goes with हूँ (huun). Now for the present tense, singular, first person, masculine subjects, you take the root of the verb and add “ता (ta)” and insert it between the मैं (main) goes with हूँ (huun). For example: I read. मैं पढ़ता हूँ। (main pardta huun). Take the other verbs above and create the sentences: I say. (Where I refers to a male speaker.) I eat. I go. I come I learn. I listen. We will give you the answers in the next three podcasts. Plural The plural first person is “We” (masculine) which is “हम (ham)”. This always goes with “हैं (hain)”. Remember this pair “हम (ham)” and “हैं (hain)”. Now for the plural form of the verb, we need to take the root and add “ते (te)”. For example: We read. हम पढ़ते हैं। (ham pardte hain.) Now try to create the masculine, first person, plural forms of each of the verbs given above. Second Person The second person can be a little confusing. There are three versions of you. तू (tuu), तुम (tum), and आप (aap). All three of which can be used when talking to a single person. The first one “तू (tuu)” is grammatically singular and is the least formal. It would be used when talking to your child, for instance. The other two तुम (tum), and आप (aap) are grammatically plural. The most polite version is आप (aap). You will want to remember these combinations of the three “you” pronouns and the helper verbs. तू (tuu) and है (hai) तुम (tum) and हो (ho) आप (aap) and हैं (hain) Now in the present tense, the singular masculine is the verb root with “ता (ta)” added. And the plural case is the root with “ते (te)” added. The various forms of “I read.” are as follows: तू पढ़ता है (tuu pardta hai) तुम पढ़ते हो (tum pardte ho) आप पढ़ते हैं (aap pardte hain) Now try to use the verbs mentioned above to create these three different types of “You (blank)” sentences. We will review the answers in the upcoming podcasts. Third Person Singular The masculine third person singular includes the pronouns he, it, and this. All of these are वह (vah). The helper verb is है (hai). So remember this combination वह (vah) and है (hai). Here is an example: He reads. वह पढ़ता है। (vah pardta hai) Now you try creating similar sentences using the verbs above. Plural The third person plural includes these and they. Which is “वे (ve)”. And the helper verb is “हैं (hain)”. They read. वे पढ़ते हैं। (ve pardte hain). Review of masculine form First get the “root” of the verb by remove “-ना (-naa)”. If the subject is masculine singular, then add “ता (ta)” to the end. If the subject is masculine and plural add “ते (te)”. Now you just need to know the “helper” verb for the pronoun you want to use. These pairings are the same for the feminine form of the present tense that we are covering today. masculine – first person – singular I [verb] = मैं [verb] हूँ। (main [verb] huun) example: I read. मैं पढ़ता हूँ। (main pardta huun). masculine – first person – plural We [verb] = हम [verb] हैं। (ham [verb] hain.) example: We read. हम पढ़ते हैं। (ham pardte hain.) masculine – second person The second person can be a little confusing. There are three versions of you. तू (tuu), तुम (tum), and आप (aap). All three of which can be used when talking to a single person. The first one “तू (tuu)” is grammatically singular and is the least formal. It would be used when talking to your child, for instance. The other two तुम (tum), and आप (aap) are grammatically plural. The most polite version is आप (aap). You will want to remember these combinations of the three “you” pronouns and the helper verbs. तू (tuu) and है (hai) तुम (tum) and हो (ho) आप (aap) and हैं (hain) Now in the present tense, the singular masculine is the verb root with “ता (ta)” added. And the plural case is the root with “ते (te)” added. The various forms of “I read.” are as follows: तू पढ़ता है (tuu pardta hai) तुम पढ़ते हो (tum pardte ho) आप पढ़ते हैं (aap pardte hain) masculine – third person – singular He [verb]. वह [verb] है। (vah [verb] hai) example: He reads. वह पढ़ता है। (vah pardta hai) masculine – third person – plural They [verb]. वे [verb] हैं। (ve [verb] hain). example: They read. वे पढ़ते हैं। (ve pardte hain). Feminine Present Tense After understanding the masculine version, the feminine form will be easy. Take the root of the verb and add “ती (thii)” for both the singular and plural forms. Here is an example using पढ़ना (pardnaa) – to read. I read. (female speaker) मैं पढ़ती हूँ। (main pardtii huun). We read. (referring to a group of females) हम पढ़ती हैं। (ham pardtii hain.) You read. (referring to a female) Three versions: तू पढ़ती है (tuu pardtii hai) तुम पढ़ती हो (tum pardtii ho) आप पढ़ती हैं (aap pardtii hain) (This is the most formal.. If in doubt, use this form.) She reads. वह पढ़ती है। (vah pardtii hai) They read. वे पढ़ती हैं। (ve pardtii hain). (for a group of females) In order to form the present tense, you must remember these combination of pronouns and helper verbs: I [verb] = मैं [verb] हूँ। (main [verb] huun) We [verb] = हम [verb] हैं। (ham [verb] hain.) You [verb] (very informal) = तू [verb] है (tuu [verb] hai) (use the singular form of the verb) You [verb] (informal) = तुम [verb] हो (tum [verb] ho) (use the plural form of the verb) You [verb] (formal) = आप [verb] हैं (aap [verb] hain) (use the plural form of the verb) He/She/It [verb]. वह [verb] है। (vah [verb] hai) They [verb]. वे [verb] हैं। (ve [verb] hain). You must also learn three rules: 1) If the subject is masculine and singular take the root of the verb and add “ता (ta)” 2) If the subject is masculine and plural take the root of the verb and add “ते (te)” 3) If the subject is feminine take the root of the verb and add “ती (tii)” Example using लिखना (likhanaa) – to write Masculine forms I write = मैं लिखता हूँ। (main likhata huun) We write = हम लिखते हैं। (ham likhate hain.) You write (very informal) = तू लिखता है (tuu likhata hai) (use the singular form of the verb) You write (informal) = तुम लिखते हो (tum likhate ho) (use the plural form of the verb) You write (formal) = आप लिखते हैं (aap likhate hain) (use the plural form of the verb) He writes . वह लिखता है। (vah likhata hai) They write. वे लिखते हैं। (ve likhate hain). Feminine forms I write. = मैं लिखती हूँ। (main likhataii huun) We write = हम लिखती हैं। (ham likhataii hain.) You write (very informal) = तू लिखती है | (tuu likhataii hai) (use the singular form of the verb) You write (informal) = तुम लिखती हो | (tum likhataii ho) (use the plural form of the verb) You write (formal) = आप लिखती हैं | (aap likhataii hain) (use the plural form of the verb) She writes . वह लिखती है। (vah likhataii hai) They write. वे लिखती हैं। (ve likhataii hain). Here is another example using कहना (kahanaa) – to say Masculine forms I say = मैं कहता हूँ। (main kahata huun) We say = हम कहते हैं। (ham kahate hain.) You say (very informal) = तू कहता है (tuu kahata hai) (use the singular form of the verb) You say (informal) = तुम कहते हो (tum kahate ho) (use the plural form of the verb) You say (formal) = आप कहते हैं (aap kahate hain) (use the plural form of the verb) He says . वह कहता है। (vah kahata hai) They say. वे कहते हैं। (ve kahate hain). Feminine forms I say. = मैं कहती हूँ। (main kahatii huun) We say = हम कहती हैं। (ham kahatii hain.) You say (very informal) = तू कहती है | (tuu kahatii hai) (use the singular form of the verb) You say (informal) = तुम कहती हो |(tum kahatii ho) (use the plural form of the verb) You say (formal) = आप कहती हैं |(aap kahatii hain) (use the plural form of the verb) She says. वह कहती है। (vah kahatii hai) They say. वे कहती हैं। (ve kahatii hain). खाना (khaanaa) – to eat Masculine forms I eat. = मैं खाता हूँ। (main khaata huun) We eat. = हम खाते हैं। (ham khaate hain.) You eat. (very informal) = तू खाता है। (tuu khaata hai) (use the singular form of the verb) You eat. (informal) = तुम खाते हो। (tum khaate ho) (use the plural form of the verb) You eat. (formal) = आप खाते हैं। (aap khaate hain) (use the plural form of the verb) He eats. वह खाता है। (vah khaata hai) They eat. वे खाते हैं। (ve khaate hain). Feminine forms I eat. = मैं खाती हूँ। (main khaathii huun) We eat. = हम खाती हैं। (ham khaathii hain.) You eat. (very informal) = तू खाती है। (tuu khaathii hai) (use the singular form of the verb) You eat. (informal) = तुम खाती हो। (tum khaathii ho) (use the plural form of the verb) You eat. (formal) = आप खाती हैं। (aap khaathii hain) (use the plural form of the verb) She eats. वह खाती है। (vah khaathii hai) They eat. वे खाती हैं। (ve khaathii hain). जाना (jaanaa) – to go Masculine forms I go. = मैं जाता हूँ। (main jaata huun) We go. = हम जाते हैं। (ham jaate hain.) You go. (very informal) = तू जाता है। (tuu jajaata hai) (use the singular form of the verb) You go. (informal) = तुम जाते हो। (tum jaate ho) (use the plural form of the verb) You go. (formal) = आप जाते हैं। (aap jaate hain) (use the plural form of the verb) He goes. वह जाता है। (vah jaata hai) They go. वे जाते हैं। (ve jaate hain). Feminine forms I go. = मैं जाती हूँ। (main jaatii huun) We go. = हम जाती हैं। (ham jaatii hain.) You go. (very informal) = तू जाती है। (tuu jaatii hai) (use the singular form of the verb) You go. (informal) = तुम जाती हो। (tum jaatii ho) (use the plural form of the verb) You go. (formal) = आप जाती हैं। (aap jaatii hain) (use the plural form of the verb) She goes. वह जाती है। (vah jaatii hai) They go. वे जाती हैं। (ve jaatii hain). आना (aanaa) – to come Masculine forms I come. = मैं आता हूँ। (main aanta huun) We come. = हम आते हैं। (ham aante hain.) You come. (very informal) = तू आता है। (tuu aanta hai) (use the singular form of the verb) You come. (informal) = तुम आते हो। (tum aante ho) (use the plural form of the verb) You come. (formal) = आप आते हैं। (aap aante hain) (use the plural form of the verb) He comes. वह आता है। (vah aanta hai) They come. वे आते हैं। (ve aante hain). Feminine forms I come. = मैं आती हूँ। (main aatii huun) We come. = हम आती हैं। (ham aatii hain.) You come. (very informal) = तू आती है। (tuu aatii hai) (use the singular form of the verb) You come. (informal) = तुम आती हो। (tum aatii ho) (use the plural form of the verb) You come. (formal) = आप आती हैं। (aap aatii hain) (use the plural form of the verb) She comes. वह आती है। (vah aatii hai) They come. वे आती हैं। (ve aatii hain).]]>

Hindi Classroom:Verbs

Classroom - Hindi / By Vaikundamoni

Hindi Verbs

English	Hindi	Pronunciation
to eat		khaanaa
to drink		piinaa
to sit		beithnaa
to stand		kharde rahnaa
to play		khelnaa
to walk		chalnaa
to run		dourdna
to jump		kuudnaa
to swim		teirnaa
to dance		naachnaa
to read		pardhnaa
to write		likhnaa
to sleep		sonaa

English	Hindi	Pronunciation
to smile		muskaraanaa
to laugh		hansnaa
to cry		ronaa
to weep		ronaa
to throw		phenknaa
to catch		jhelnaa
to kick		thokar maarnaa
to shoot		banduuk chalaanaa
to yawn		jamhaaii lenaa
to clap		taalii bajaanaa
to box		mukkebaajii karnaa
to cook		rasoii banaanaa

]]>