Past Habitual Tense & рдЕрдкрдирд╛
The past habitual tense in Hindi is very similar to the present habitual tense (see
Lesson 3). The only difference is that in present habitual tense, you add the present form of
рд╣реЛрдирд╛ to the end, while in the past habitual tense, you add the past form of
рд╣реЛрдирд╛ to the end. The table below conjugates the verb
рдЬрд╛рдирд╛ into past habitual tense.
|
Masculine |
Feminine |
I used to go |
рдореИрдВ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рдерд╛ |
рдореИрдВ рдЬрд╛рддреА рдереА |
you used to go (informal) |
рддреВ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рдерд╛ |
рддреВ рдЬрд╛рддреА рдереА |
you used to go |
рддреБрдо рдЬрд╛рддреЗ рдереЗ |
рддреБрдо рдЬрд╛рддреА рдереА |
you used to go (formal) |
рдЖрдк рдЬрд╛рддреЗ рдереЗ |
рдЖрдк рдЬрд╛рддреА рдереАрдВ |
he, she, it used to go |
рд╡рд╣ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рдерд╛ |
рд╡рд╣ рдЬрд╛рддреА рдереА |
we used to go |
рд╣рдо рдЬрд╛рддреЗ рдереЗ |
рд╣рдо рдЬрд╛рддреА рдереАрдВ |
they used to go |
рд╡реЗ рдЬрд╛рддреЗ рдереЗ |
рд╡реЗ рдЬрд╛рддреА рдереАрдВ |
The Possessive Pronoun рдЕрдкрдирд╛
Possessive pronouns (sometimes called possessive adjectives) are words like
my –
рдореЗрд░рд╛,
your –
рдЖрдкрдХрд╛, and
his –
рдЙрд╕рдХрд╛. In Hindi, when the subject of a sentence is also what is possessive of a different noun, a special possessive pronoun is used –
рдЕрдкрдирд╛. This possessive pronoun will follow the same inflection rules as the others you have learned.
I will give you my book. – рдореИрдВ рдЖрдкрдХреЛ рдЕрдкрдиреА рдХрд┐рддрд╛рдм рджреВрдБрдЧрд╛ред
She thinks about her brother a lot. – рд╡рд╣ рдЕрдкрдиреЗ рднрд╛рдИ рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рд░реЗ рдореЗрдВ рдмрд╣реБрдд рд╕реЛрдЪрддреА рд╣реИред
Give me your pen. – рдореБрдЭреЗ рдЕрдкрдирд╛ рдХрд╝рд▓рдо рджреЛред
Vocabulary
every day |
рд░реЛрдЬрд╝ |
|
to live, to remain, to stay |
рд░рд╣рдирд╛ |
park |
рдкрд╛рд░реНрдХ |
|
|
|
Examples
I used to go to the store every day.
рдореИрдВ рд░реЛрдЬрд╝ рджреБрдХрд╛рди рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рдерд╛ред
She used to want to live in India.
рд╡рд╣ рднрд╛рд░рдд рдореЗрдВ рд░рд╣рдирд╛ рдЪрд╛рд╣рддреА рдереАред
I used to play in that park.
рдореИрдВ рдЙрд╕ рдкрд╛рд░реНрдХ рдореЗрдВ рдЦреЗрд▓рддрд╛ рдерд╛ред
Tell me your name.
рдореБрдЭреЗ рдЕрдкрдирд╛ рдирд╛рдо рдмрддрд╛рдЗрдпреЗред
Eat your own food.
рдЕрдкрдирд╛ рдЦрд╛рдирд╛ рдЦрд╛рдЗрдпреЗред
Past Imperfect Tense with Transitive Verbs
Transitive & Intransitive Verbs
A transitive verb is a verb that can take an object, such as give, eat, or do.
I gave him
money.
I ate
food.
He did
work.
Intransitive verbs (discussed in the next lesson) include go, come, and die. These verbs cannot have an object: he went food, or I came money.
Past Imperfect Tense
The past imperfect and past perfect tenses for transitive verbs are quite different from all the other tenses in Hindi. To form a past imperfect transitive verb, you must first add the postposition
рдиреЗ to the subject. Keep in mind that the subject will inflect, if possible. Then we will modify the verb. If the verb stem ends in a consonant, we will add
рдЖ if the direct object is masculine singular,
рдИ if the direct object is feminine singular,
рдП if the direct object is masculine plural, and
рдИрдВ if it is feminine plural. Now if the verb stem ends in a vowel, add
рдпрд╛ if the direct object is masculine singular,
рдИ if the direct object is feminine singular,
рдП if it is masculine plural, and
рдИрдВ if feminine plural. You should notice that in the past imperfect (and past perfect) tense, the verb agrees in gender with the direct object rather than the subject.
Irregular Verbs
There are four irregular verbs we need to consider:
рджреЗрдирд╛,
рд▓реЗрдирд╛,
рдХрд░рдирд╛, and
рдкреАрдирд╛. These four verbs will all follow the same pattern.
masculine singular object:
рджрд┐рдпрд╛ рд▓рд┐рдпрд╛ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдкрд┐рдпрд╛
masculine plural object:
рджрд┐рдпреЗ рд▓рд┐рдпреЗ рдХрд┐рдпреЗ рдкрд┐рдпреЗ
feminine singular object:
рджреА рд▓реА рдХреА рдкреА
feminine plural object:
рджреАрдВ рд▓реАрдВ рдХреАрдВ рдкреАрдВ
Examples
I gave him a book.
рдореИрдВ рдиреЗ рдЙрд╕рдХреЛ рдХрд┐рддрд╛рдм рджреАред
She ate food.
рдЙрд╕рдиреЗ рдЦрд╛рдирд╛ рдЦрд╛рдпрд╛ред
Did you (do) work today?
рдХреНрдпрд╛ рдЖрдк рдиреЗ рдЖрдЬ рдХрд╛рдо рдХрд┐рдпрд╛?
I drank tea today.
рдЖрдЬ рдореИрдВ рдиреЗ рдЪрд╛рдп рдкреАред
He took my book.
рдЙрд╕рдиреЗ рдореЗрд░реА рдХрд┐рддрд╛рдм рд▓реАред
When did you read her book?
рдЖрдк рдиреЗ рдЙрд╕рдХреА рдХрд┐рддрд╛рдм рдХрдм рдкрдврд╝реА?
My father told me this.
рдореЗрд░реЗ рдкрд┐рддрд╛ рдиреЗ рдореБрдЭреЗ рдпрд╣ рдмрддрд╛рдпрд╛ред]]>