Conditional Clauses in German (Konditionalsätze)
Type -1: Imperativ + Wenn + Präsens
Type -1 clauses are used for giving conditional orders and are formed:Imperativ + Wenn + Präsens
Sag mir, wenn du Zeit hast Tell me if you have time
Type 0: Präsens + Wenn + Präsens
Type 0 clauses are used to express empirical or scientific realities. They are constructed in the following way:Präsens + Wenn + Präsens
Du kannst alles schaffen, wenn du es wirklich willst You can do it all, if you really want to
Remember that the order of the sentences can be reversed, but the verb must remain in the second position in the main clause:Wenn du es wirklich willst, kannst du alles schaffen If you really want to, you can do it all
Type 1: Futur I + Wenn + Präsens
Type 1 clauses are used to express events that might happen. Their construction:Futur I + Wenn + Präsens
Wenn ich Geld habe, werde ich einen neuen Laptop kaufen When/If I have money, I will buy a new laptop
NOTE: The idea of this clause is that we think that we are going to have money in the future; we consider it to be a possible situation in the future.Type 2: Konjunktiv II (Präteritum) + Wenn + Konjunktiv II (Präteritum)
Type 2 is used for narrating situations that have little possibility of taking place:Konjunktiv II (Präteritum) + Wenn + Konjunktiv II (Präteritum)
Wenn ich Millionär wäre würde ich ein Motorrad kaufen If I were a millionaire, I’d buy myself a motorcycle
Tipo 3: Konjunktiv II Plusquamperfekt + Wenn + Konjunktiv II Plusquamperfekt
Type 3 conditional clauses express situations that are not possible in the present, their construction is:Konjunktiv II Plusquamperfekt + Wenn + Konjunktiv II Plusquamperfekt
Wenn ich an seiner Stelle gewesen wäre, hätte ich das selbe gemacht If I had been in his place, I would have done the same
Conditional clauses without ‘Wenn’
Conditional clauses can also be formed without the conjunction wenn but by changing the position of the verb to position 1. Construction with wenn:Wenn ich reich wäre, würde ich dir helfen If I were rich, I would help you
Construction without wenn:Wäre ich reich, würde ich dir helfen If I were rich, I would help you