Swedish Personal Pronouns

The personal and possessive pronouns in Swedish are

meaning	nominative form	object form	possessive
I	jag	mig	min/mitt/mina
you (singular)	du	dig	din/ditt/dina
he	han	honom	hans
she	hon	henne	hennes
man	sig	sig	one (indefinite generic third-person)
it (uter)	den	den	dess
it (neuter)	det	det	dess
we	vi	oss	vår/vårt/våra
you (plural)	ni	er	er/ert/era
they	de	dem	deras
(reflexive)	–	sig	sin/sitt/sina
(mutual-reflexive)	–	varandra	–

Swedish Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns

	with en words	with ett words	with plural words
my / mine	min	mitt	mina
your / yours	din	ditt	dina
his / her / its / their	sin	sitt	sina
his / his	hans	hans	hans
her / hers	hennes	hennes	hennes
its / its	dess	dess	dess
our / ours	vår	vårt	våra
your / yours	er	ert	era
their / theirs	deras	deras	deras

The same forms are used for possessive adjectives that are used directly before nouns and for possessive pronouns that replace a noun. For example, this is my car and this is mine would be translated as det här är min bil and det här är min. Sin, sitt and sina can only be used when the third person possessive adjective refers to the subject of the same clause. These words can be translated as his, her, its or their. Generally, if you cannot insert “own” after the possessive adjective in English, you cannot use sin/sitt/sina. Per besöker sin mamma. = Per visits his (own) mother. (Sin refers back to Per.) Eva ringer hans mamma. = Eva calls his mother. (Hans refers to Per, not Eva.)

Conjugating Regular Verbs in Swedish in the Present and Past Tenses

Infinitives in Swedish end in -a. When conjugating verbs, the same form is used for all subject pronouns, whether singular or plural. To form the present tense of verbs, either add -r to the infinitive or remove the -a and add -er.

tala – to speak (-ar verb) and stänga – to close (-er verb)

Present Tense		Past Tense		Present Tense		Past Tense
jag talar	I speak	jag talade	I spoke	jag stänger	I close	jag stängde	I closed
du talar	you speak	du talade	you spoke	du stänger	you close	du stängde	you closed
han talar	he speaks	han talade	he spoke	han stänger	he closes	han stängde	he closed
hon talar	she speaks	hon talade	she spoke	hon stänger	she closes	hon stängde	she closed
vi talar	we speak	vi talade	we spoke	vi stänger	we close	vi stängde	we closed
ni talar	you speak	ni talade	you spoke	ni stänger	you close	ni stängde	you closed
de talar	they speak	de talade	they spoke	de stänger	they close	de stängde	they closed

Please note the three present tenses in English (simple, progressive and emphatic) are all translated by one verb form in Swedish. Jag talar can mean I speak, I am speaking or I do speak.

Swedish Verbs to Be & to Have

The present and past tenses of verbs in Swedish are very simple to conjugate. All the forms are the same for each personal pronoun. The infinitive of the verb to be in Swedish is vara, and the conjugated present tense form is är and the past tense is var. The infinitive of the verb to have is ha, and the conjugated present tense form is har and the past tense is hade.

att vara – to be				att ha – to have
I am	jag är	I was	jag var	I have	jag har	I had	jag hade
you are	du är	you were	du var	you have	du har	you had	du hade
he is	han är	he was	han var	he has	han har	he had	han hade
she is	hon är	she was	hon var	she has	hon har	she had	hon hade
it is	den är	it was	den var	it has	den har	it had	den hade
it is	det är	it was	det var	it has	det har	it had	det hade
one is	man är	one was	man var	one has	man har	one had	man hade
we are	vi är	we were	vi var	we have	vi har	we had	vi hade
you are	ni är	you were	ni var	you have	ni har	you had	ni hade
they are	de är	they were	de var	they have	de har	they had	de hade

To form the future tense of verbs, just add ska before the infinitive. Jag ska vara = I will be; hon ska ha = she will have; etc

Conjugate “prata” – Swedish conjugation

“prata” conjugation

Presens
jag	pratar
du	pratar
han/hon/den/det	pratar
vi	pratar
ni	pratar
de	pratar

Preteritum
jag	pratade
du	pratade
han/hon/den/det	pratade
vi	pratade
ni	pratade
de	pratade

Perfekt
jag	har pratat
du	har pratat
han/hon/den/det	har pratat
vi	har pratat
ni	har pratat
de	har pratat

Pluskvamperfekt
jag	hade pratat
du	hade pratat
han/hon/den/det	hade pratat
vi	hade pratat
ni	hade pratat
de	hade pratat

Futurum
jag	ska prata; kommer (att) prata
du	ska prata; kommer (att) prata
han/hon/den/det	ska prata; kommer (att) prata
vi	ska prata; kommer (att) prata
ni	ska prata; kommer (att) prata
de	ska prata; kommer (att) prata

Imperativ
du	prata!
ni	prata!

Conjugate “vara” – Swedish conjugation

“vara” conjugation

Presens
jag	är
du	är
han/hon/den/det	är
vi	är
ni	är
de	är

Preteritum
jag	var
du	var
han/hon/den/det	var
vi	var
ni	var
de	var

Perfekt
jag	har varit
du	har varit
han/hon/den/det	har varit
vi	har varit
ni	har varit
de	har varit

Conjugate “skriva” – Swedish conjugation

“skriva” conjugation

Presens
jag	skriver
du	skriver
han/hon/den/det	skriver
vi	skriver
ni	skriver
de	skriver

Preteritum
jag	skrev
du	skrev
han/hon/den/det	skrev
vi	skrev
ni	skrev
de	skrev

Perfekt
jag	har skrivit
du	har skrivit
han/hon/den/det	har skrivit
vi	har skrivit
ni	har skrivit
de	har skrivit

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