Author name: Vaikundamoni

Swedish Vocabulary

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Swedish Numbers

0 noll [nɔl:]
1 Ett [et:]
2 Två [tvo:]
3 Tre [tre:]
4 Fyra [fy:ra]
5 Fem [fem]
6 Sex [Sek:s]
7 Sju [ɧu:]
8 Åtta [ɔtta]
9 Nio [ni:ʊ]
10 Tio [ti:ʊ]
11 Elva [elva]
12 Tolv [tɔlv]
13 Tretton [trettɔn]
14 Fjorton [fju:ʈɔn]
15 Femton [femtɔn]
16 Sexton [sekstɔn]
17 Sjutton [ɧɵttɔn]
18 Arton [aʈɔn]
19 Nitton [nittɔn]
20 Tjugo [ɕʉ̟:gɔ]
21 Tjugoett [ɕʉ̟:gɔet:]
22 Tjugotvå [ɕʉ̟:gɔtvo:]
30 Trettio [trettiʊ]
40 Fyrtio [fʏʈiʊ]
50 Femtio [femtiʊ]
60 Sextio [sekstiʊ]
70 Sjuttio [ɧɵttiʊ]
71 Sjuttioett [ɧɵttiʊet:]
79 Sjuttionio [ɧɵttiʊni:ʊ]
80 Åttio [ɔttiʊ]
81 Åttioett [ɔttiʊet:]
89 Åttionio [ɔttiʊtvo]
90 Nittio [nittiʊ]
91 Nittioett [nittiʊet:]
99 Nittionio [nittiʊni ʊ]
100 Hundra [hɵndra]

Names of European Countries in Swedish

Svenska — Engelska Albanien — Albania Belgien — Belgium England — England Frankrike — France Irland — Ireland Island — Iceland Italien — Italy Kroatien — Croatia Nordirland — Northern Ireland Österrike — Austria Polen — Poland Portugal — Portugal Rumänien — Romania Ryssland — Russia Schweiz — Switzerland Slovakien — Slovakia Spanien — Spain Sverige — Sweden Tjeckien — Czech Republic Turkiet — Turkey Tyskland — Germany Ukraina — Ukraine Ungern — Hungary Wales — Wales

Body parts in Swedish

ett huvud (a head) huvudet (the head) huvuden* (heads) huvudena* (the heads)
hår (hair) håret (the hair) n/a n/a
ett öra (an ear) örat (the ear) öron (ears) öronen (the ears)
ett ansikte (a face) ansiktet (the face) ansikten (faces) ansiktena (the faces)
ett öga (an eye) ögat (the eye) ögon (eyes) ögonen (the eyes)
ett ögonbryn (an eyebrow) ögonbrynet (the eyebrow) ögonbryn(eyebrows) ögonbrynen (the eyebrows)
en näsa (a nose) näsan (the nose) näsor (noses) näsorna (the noses)
en mun (a mouth) munnen (the mouth) munnar (mouths) munnarna (the mouths)
en läpp (a lip) läppen (the lip) läppar (lips) läpparna (the lips)
en kind (a cheek) kinden (the cheek) kinder (cheeks) kinderna (the cheeks)
en hals (a neck**) halsen (the neck) halsar (necks) halsarna (the necks)
en haka (a chin) hakan (the chin) hakor (chins) hakorna (the chins)
en nacke (a nape) nacken (the nape) nackar (napes) nackarna (the napes)

Swedish Days of the week:

måndag – Monday tisdag – Tuesday onsdag – Wednesday torsdag – Thursday fredag – Friday lördag – Saturday söndag – Sunday In that order! The Swedish week, like in most of Europe, starts with Monday, not Sunday. Also noteworthy is the fact that all days of the week are common gender (-n-gender), following the gender of dag “day”, and that they are not inherently capitalized. So, first of all, each day of the week can be used as an ordinary noun. For example: Fredag är den bästa dagen i veckan. – Friday is the best day of the week. If you want to talk about your plans for this Friday or “on Friday”, use the preposition på: Jag och Elina ska ut och festa på fredag. – Elina and I are going out to party on Friday. What about next Friday? Just like in English, you don’t use a preposition; just nästa “next” and the day of the week: Vi ska upp till Örnsköldsvik nästa fredag. – We’re going up to Örnsköldsvik next Friday. Now to the past. How do we talk about last Friday? Unlike in English, we don’t say *sista fredag “last Friday”; the Swedes say “in Friday’s”. It may sound weird to non-Swedes, but in Swedish it’s totally normal: Min svärmor lagade middag till oss i fredags. – My mother-in-law made dinner for us last Friday (this past Friday). The formula for last Friday is this: i + [day of the week]+-s → i måndags, i onsdags, etc. Next, if you want to say the Friday before last, you can say förra fredagen. Note that fredagen is in definite form – i.e., “the Friday”: Petter hade sin första konsert förra fredagen. – Petter had his first concert the Friday before last. Finally, if you’re talking about a week somewhere in the distant past or distant future, you say på fredagen “on the Friday”. Take a look: Jag åkte till Malmö en vecka förra året. På onsdagen såg jag Turning Torso, och på torsdagen åt jag skånsk äggakaka. I went to Malmö for a week last year. On the Wednesday I saw Turning Torso (see the image above), and on the Thursday I ate Scanian egg cake.  ]]>

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Swedish Gender

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Learn Swedish

Swedish Gender

In Swedish, there are two genders, or genus: common and neuter. The Swedes call these two genders utrum and neutrum, respectively. Many second-language students of Swedish, however, prefer to call them “-n-gender” and “-t-gender”, due to the standard declensions they take on. An example of a word of common gender or utrum is hund, which means “dog”. An example of a word of neuter gender or neutrum is hus, which means “house”. Words of common gender take on the indefinite article en: Det här är en hund. – This is a dog. Words of neuter gender, on the other hand, take on the indefinite article ett: Det här är ett hus. – This is a house. As you can see, Swedish uses indefinite articles in basically the same way as English. Definite articles, on the other hand, are used slightly differently. In definite form, common gender nouns take on the definite suffix -en. Det här är hunden. – This is the dog. As you see here, rather than preceding “dog” in the simple noun phrase “the dog”, Swedish tacks on the definite article to the end of the noun. Hund becomes hunden. In the case of hus, the word becomes huset: Det här är huset. – This is the house. Not that hard, right? It gets a little more complicated when you’ve got an adjective in a definite noun phrase. For example: den snälla hunden – the friendly dog As you can see, the phrase contains two instances of the definite article: one at the end of the noun, and one before the adjective. Don’t let this scare you away; it’s actually a very simple rule: When you have anything within a definite noun phrase that precedes the noun itself, you add another instance of the definite article to the beginning of the phrase. This is a way to mark where the phrase begins and ends. For common gender noun phrases, the initial definite article is den, as in the example. For neuter gender words, it’s det, as in: det gula huset – the yellow house It is obvious that the two Swedish genders DO NOT correspond to masculine and feminine in the Romance languages. The Swedish language originally had three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter; but the first two have since been meshed together to form the common gender. That’s why, for example, man and kvinna, “man” and “woman”, have the same grammatical gender, namely utrum.]]>

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IELTS Coaching in Coimbatore

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Best IELTS Coaching-Training in Coimbatore-Plus 7 Band Score

Best IELTS Coaching and Training in Coimbatore for Band 7 +

Lingua World offers  best IELTS Preparatory Training in Coimbatore for all the four papers.

Micro Training for IELTS

  Best IELTS Coaching-Training in Coimbatore-Plus 7 Band Score
Mock IELTS tests and Practice Test for IELTS for Score Boosting:

Significantly, the IELTS Coaching Classes involve  regular Ielts demo tests  in Speaking , Writing, Reading  and Listening to develop the skills of the candidates. 

Moreover, we have regular week-end classes in which we conduct Ielts Preparation Tests in Reading , Listening, Writing and Speaking. The Ielts study material and the Ielts test samples are definitely excellent for boosting the overall band-score. Quality is our watchword.The trainer has over 40 years of experience in teaching English and 20 years of training experience in IELTS and systematic coaching and training  is given to the participants to promote and fine-tune their four-fold skills in English presentation.
As a result our candidates are heads and shoulders above others in all the four areas. BPlus Points of the IELTS Training:
  • Individualized and personalized training
  • A structured method of teaching
  • Developing Communication Skills
  • Structured Materials
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Training for best Band-Score: For boosting the performance of the candidates in all the four areas  Ielts mock tests are conducted. IELTS Reading Practice Tests: More than 50 tests are conducted for sharpening  Reading Skills. Practice Tests for IELTS Writing: Regular tests are conducted to improve the overall Writing Skills. IELTS Speaking Practice Test:We conduct speaking sessions on one on one basis quite regularly to boost  Speaking Skills. IELTS Listening Practice Test: The best atmosphere is provided for the candidates to sharpen their Listening Skills in the Ielts Exams.
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IELTS TRAINING IN COIMBATORE

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IELTS Preparation  in Coimbatore for best Training and super intensive Coaching and Tutoring for Reading, Writing, Listening and Speaking in the IELTS  Exams. The best way of training the candidates would be to slowly but steadily inculcate the finer points of attending the exams . It is always the easy to difficult method. The candidates should be taken from the easy to difficult areas of preparation. Teaching Grammar as a  prepa 7+Band IELTS Training ration for the exams will defeat the purpose. The problem areas in grammar can be dealt with when the participants have difficulties in specified areas of preparation.

In Lingua World the overall skills of the participants are analysed in the first one or two days before they plunge into the full scale preparation. Each student is individually trained and it is ensured that the full potential of the candidate is brought out. Maximization of the performance of the participants is our goal. The training received in Lingua World will hugely impact the overall presentation skills of the candidates in their professional career.]]>

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French Pronouns

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Subject Pronouns A pronoun is a word that is used to replace a noun (a person, place, thing, idea, or quality). Pronouns allow for fluidity by eliminating the need to constantly repeat the same noun in a sentence. A subject pronounreplaces a subject noun(the noun performing the action of the verb). Just as in English, French subject pronouns are given a person and a number (singular or plural), as shown in Table 1: Je Unlike the English pronoun “I,” the pronoun je is capitalized only when it begins a sentence. Je becomes j’ before a vowel or vowel sound ( y and unaspirated h — meaning that no puff of air is emitted when producing the h sound):

  • J’adore le français. (I love French.)
  • Voilà où j’habite. (There’s where I live.)
Tu Tu is used to address one friend, relative, child, or pet and is referred to as the familiar form of “you.” The u from tu is never dropped for purposes of elision: Tu es mon meilleur ami. (You are my best friend.) Vous Vous is used in the singular to show respect to an older person or when speaking to a stranger or someone you do not know very well.Vous is the polite or formal form of “you:” Vous êtes un patron très respecté. (You are a very respected boss.) In addition, vous is always used when speaking to more than one person, regardless of the degree of familiarity. Il and elle Il (he) and elle (she) may refer to a person or to a thing (it):
  • L’homme arrive. (The man arrives.) Il arrive. (He arrives.)
  • Le colis arrive. (The package arrives.) Il arrive. (It arrives.)
  • La dame arrive. (The lady arrives.) Elle arrive. (She arrives.)
  • La lettre arrive. (The letter arrives.) Elle arrive. (It arrives.)
On On refers to an indefinite person: you, we, they, or people in general.On is often used in place of nous, such as in the following: on part(we’re leaving). Ils and elles Ils refers to more than one male or to a combined group of males and females, despite the number of each gender present. Elles refers only to a group of females.
  • Anne et Luc partent. (Ann and Luke leave.) Ils partent. (They leave.)
  • Anne et Marie partent. (Ann and Marie leave.) Elles partent. (They leave.)
Ce The pronoun ce (it, he, she, this, that, these, those), spelled c’ before a vowel, is most frequently used with the verb être (to be): c’est (it is) orce sont (they are). Ce replaces il, elle, ils, and elles as the subject of the sentence in the following constructions:
  • Before a modified noun: C’est un bon avocat. (He’s a good lawyer.)
But, when unmodified, the following is correct: Il est avocat. (He’s a lawyer.)
  • Before a name: C’est Jean. (It’s John.)
  • Before a pronoun: C’est moi. (It is me.)
  • Before a superlative: C’est le plus grand. (It’s the biggest.)
  • In dates: C’est le dix mars.(It’s March 10th.)
  • Before a masculine singular adjective that refers to a previously mentioned idea or action: Il est important. (He is important.) C’est évident. (That’s obvious).
  • Before an adjective + à + infinitive (the form of any verb before it is conjugated): C’est bon à savoir. (That’s good to know.)
Use il in the following constructions:
  • To express the hour of the day: Il est deux heures. (It’s 2 o’clock.)
  • With an adjective + de + infinitive: Il est bon de manger. (It’s good to eat.)
  • With an adjective before que: Il est important que je travaille. (It is important that I work.)
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Danish Grammar: Pronouns and Conjugations

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Danish Classes

Subject and Object Pronouns in Danish

jeg  I mig me
du you (singular) dig you (singular)
han he ham him
hun she hende her
den it (with en words) den it (with en words)
det it (with et words) det it  (with et words)
man  one en one
vi we os us
I you (plural) jer you (plural)
de they dem them
Man can be translated as one, we, they or the people in general. When referring to nouns as it, you use den for en nouns, and det for ett nouns. Formerly, du was the informal you and De (written with a capital D) was the formal, but these distinctions are rarely used anymore. Notice that I (you – plural) is written with a capital letter.

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Chinese Word Order

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Mandarin Chinese word order

As mentioned above, basic Mandarin word order is SVO: subject + verb + object. Remember that this is just what’s typical in Mandarin. Different word orders can certainly appear.One major reason for this is that the idea of a “subject” isn’t as clear in Mandarin as it is in many other languages. The subject is often omitted, and Mandarin is more interested in the topic of a sentence; it’s a topic-prominent language.Still, SVO is a good place to start. Here are some examples of basic Mandarin SVO sentences, colour coded for subject (red), verb (green) and object (blue).我 爱你。 Wǒ ài nǐ. I love you.他 喜欢猫。 Tā xǐhuan māo. He likes cats.你 吃面条。 Nǐ chī miàntiáo. You eat noodles. 他们 去公园。 Tāmen qù gōngyuán. They go to the park. As you can see from the colour coding, the word order of these basic sentences is the same in Mandarin and English.

Auxiliary verbs

Auxiliary verbs are also known as helper verbs. English is full of them, and so is Mandarin. In Mandarin, auxiliary verbs are placed before the main verb just as they are in English. Some more examples, with the auxiliary verb colour coded in purple. 她 会说中文。 Tā huì shuō zhōngwén. She can speak Chinese. 他们 可以帮助你。 Tāmen kěyǐ bāngzhù nǐ. They can help you.

Negation

English is a bit funny about negation. It doesn’t like negating main verbs, so if there isn’t an auxiliary verb it will insert one and negate that. In Mandarin you can just negate the main verb (negation colour coded in pink): 我 不喜欢他。 Wǒ bù xǐhuan tā. I don’t like him. 他们 不吃肉。 Tāmen bù chī ròu. They don’t eat meat. 她 不喝咖啡。 Tā bù hē kāfēi. She doesn’t drink coffee. When there is an auxiliary verb, Mandarin prefers to negate that. Some examples: 他们 不会说中文。 Tāmen bù huì shuō zhōngwén. They can not speak Chinese. 她 不要去。 Tā bùyào qù. She will not go. 我 不应该告诉你。 Wǒ bù yìng gāi gàosu nǐ. I should not tell you. Note how in English the negation occurs after what’s being negated, whereas in Chinese it comes before. This is because of a general rule in Chinese: modifiers precede what they modify .

Common conjunctions

和   (hé): and   – 和 can only link words and phrases, not sentences Example:
她喜欢茶和咖啡。 tā xǐhuan chá hé kāfēi She likes tea and coffee.
或       (huò)    : or   – 或 can only link words and phrases, not sentences 或者   (huòzhě): or   – 或者 can be used with words, phrases and sentences 还是   (háishì)  : or   – 还是 used in questions Examples:
我想买一瓶橙汁或一瓶苹果汁。 wǒ xiǎng mǎi yī píng chéngzhī huò yī píng píngguǒzhī. I would like to buy a bottle of orange juice or apple juice.
我想出去跳舞或者在家看电视. wǒ xiǎng chūqù tiàowǔ huòzhě zài jiā kàn diànshì. I would like to go dancing or to stay at home and watch TV.
你喝茶还是咖啡? nǐ hē chá háishì kāfēi? Do you drink tea or coffee?
如果 (rúguǒ): if
如果我有钱，我就买一辆新车。 rúguǒ wǒ yǒuqián, wǒ jiù mǎi yī liàng xīn chē If I had money, I would buy a new car.
可是 (kěshì): but
我喜欢听流行音乐，可是我朋友喜欢听古典音乐。
wǒ xǐhuān tīng liúxíng yīnyuè, kěshì wǒ péngyou xǐhuān tīng gǔdiǎn yīnyuè.
I like listening to pop music, but my friend likes listening to classical music.
因为 (yīnwèi): because
我学中文，因为我要去中国旅行。 wǒ xué zhōngwén, yīnwèi wǒ yào qù zhōngguó lǚxíng. I am studing Chinese because I want to go and travel in China.
所以 (suǒyǐ): therefore
她太忙了, 所以不出去跳舞。 tā tài máng le, suǒyǐ bù chūqù tiàowǔ. She is very busy, therefore she can’t go out dancing.
虽然 (suīrán): although
虽然他很忙, 他还是邀请我们去他家。 suīrán tā hěn máng, tā háishì yāoqǐng wǒmen qù tā jiā. Although he is very busy, he has invited us to his home.
除了 … 以外 (chúle … yǐwài): except
除了北京以外，我没去过其他地方。 chúle běijīng yǐwài, wǒ méi qù guò qítā dìfang. Apart from Beijing I have not been to any other places.
就 (jiù): 就 is often used to create a link between the idea in the preceeding clause and the current clause.
如果你想看电视，我们就呆在家里。 rúguǒ nǐ xiǎng kàn diànshi, wǒmen jiǔ dāi zài jiā lǐ. If you want to watch TV, we can stay at home.

Adverbials: time, manner and place

The structure is getting a little more complicated now. Words that add information about the verb such as time, manner and place are known as adverbials. In Mandarin these nearly always come before the verb. This is different to English which tends to put them all over the place depending on the situation. Another difference between the two languages is that Mandarin has a specific order for this extra information: time first, then manner and then place. This sequence is a general rule. Some examples with adverbials in turquoise: 我 明天要去上海。 Wǒ míngtiān yào qù shànghǎi. I will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他 慢慢地吃饭。 Tā màn man de chī fàn. He eats slowly. 你 在这里等我。 Nǐ zài zhèlǐ děng wǒ. Wait for me here. 我 今天下午用电邮发。 Wǒ jīntiān xiàwǔ yòng diànyóu fā. I will send it by email this afternoon. 我们 意外地在箱子里找到了一只猫。 Wǒmen yìwàide zài xiāngzi lǐ zhǎodàole yī zhī māo. We unexpectedly found a cat in the box. 我 上个星期匆匆地在我的房间里看了四本书。 Wǒ shàng gè xīngqí cōngcōngde zài wǒ de fángjiān lǐ kànle sì běnshū. Last week I quickly read four books in my room.

Complements

Complements are a tricky topic in grammar. Mandarin has a few kinds of special complements that come after the verb: directional, degree, result and potential. The grammar of these is pretty complicated. The main point in terms of word order is that they occur after the verb. Some examples with complements marked in orange: 我 会下来。 Wǒ huì xiàlái. I will come down. 他 说得很好。 Tā shuō de hěn hǎo. He speaks well. 我 看到了他。 Wǒ kàndàole tā. I saw him. 她 听得懂。 Tā tīng dé dǒng. She understands.

A note on adjectives

Adjectives are placed before what they modify, as in English. This follows the general Chinese rule of modifiers preceding what they modify. Some example sentences with adjectives colour coded in turquoise (as they are modifiers just like adverbials): 所有人 都喜欢大的比萨。 Suǒyǒu rén dōu xǐhuan dà de bǐsà. Everyone likes bigpizzas. 瘦的 男人杀死了胖的男人。 Shòu de nánrén shā sǐle pàng de nánrén. The thin mankilled the fat man. 那辆 红色的汽车撞到了蓝色的卡车。 Nà liàng hóngsè de qìchē zhuàng dàole lánsè de kǎchē. That red car hit the blue van.
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Swedish Essential Vocabulary

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Swedish Days of the Week / Veckans dagar

Monday måndag
Tuesday tisdag
Wednesday onsdag
Thursday torsdag
Friday fredag
Saturday lördag
Sunday söndag
day dag
morning morgon
afternoon eftermiddag
evening afton (before 6 pm) / kväll
night natt
today idag
tomorrow imorgon
day after tomorrow i övermorgon
tonight ikväll
yesterday igår
day before yesterday i förrgår
last night igår natt
week vecka
weekend helg
daily daglig
weekly veckolig

Swedish Months of the Year / Årets månader

January januari
February februari
March mars
April april
May maj
June juni
July juli
August augusti
September september
October oktober
November november
December december
month månad
year år
monthly månatlig / varje månad
yearly årlig
To say “in” a certain month, use i before the month.

Swedish Seasons

Winter vinter in (the) winter på vintern
Spring vår in (the) spring på våren
Summer sommar in (the) summer på sommaren
Fall höst in (the) fall på hösten
You can also use i before the names of the seasons to express this: i vinter = this winter  

Swedish Directions

North norr Northeast nordost
South söder Northwest nordväst
East öster Southeast sydost
West väster Southwest sydväst
left till vänster
right till höger
straight ahead rakt fram
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Swedish Personal Pronouns and Verb Conjugation

Classroom - Swedish /

Swedish Classes

Swedish Personal Pronouns

The personal and possessive pronouns in Swedish are
meaning nominative form object form possessive
I jag mig min/mitt/mina
you (singular) du dig din/ditt/dina
he han honom hans
she hon henne hennes
man sig sig one (indefinite generic third-person)
it (uter) den den dess
it (neuter) det det dess
we vi oss vår/vårt/våra
you (plural) ni er er/ert/era
they de dem deras
(reflexive) – sig sin/sitt/sina
(mutual-reflexive) – varandra –

Swedish Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns

with en words with ett words with plural words
my / mine min mitt mina
your / yours din ditt dina
his / her / its / their sin sitt sina
his / his hans hans hans
her / hers hennes hennes hennes
its / its dess dess dess
our / ours vår vårt våra
your / yours er ert era
their / theirs deras deras deras
The same forms are used for possessive adjectives that are used directly before nouns and for possessive pronouns that replace a noun. For example, this is my car and this is mine would be translated as det här är min bil and det här är min. Sin, sitt and sina can only be used when the third person possessive adjective refers to the subject of the same clause. These words can be translated as his, her, its or their. Generally, if you cannot insert “own” after the possessive adjective in English, you cannot use sin/sitt/sina. Per besöker sin mamma. = Per visits his (own) mother. (Sin refers back to Per.) Eva ringer hans mamma. = Eva calls his mother. (Hans refers to Per, not Eva.)

Conjugating Regular Verbs in Swedish in the Present and Past Tenses

Infinitives in Swedish end in -a. When conjugating verbs, the same form is used for all subject pronouns, whether singular or plural. To form the present tense of verbs, either add -r to the infinitive or remove the -a and add -er.

tala – to speak (-ar verb) and stänga – to close (-er verb)

Present Tense
Past Tense
Present Tense
Past Tense
jag talar I speak jag talade I spoke jag stänger I close jag stängde I closed
du talar you speak du talade you spoke du stänger you close du stängde you closed
han talar he speaks han talade he spoke han stänger he closes han stängde he closed
hon talar she speaks hon talade she spoke hon stänger she closes hon stängde she closed
vi talar we speak vi talade we spoke vi stänger we close vi stängde we closed
ni talar you speak ni talade you spoke ni stänger you close ni stängde you closed
de talar they speak de talade they spoke de stänger they close de stängde they closed
Please note the three present tenses in English (simple, progressive and emphatic) are all translated by one verb form in Swedish. Jag talar can mean I speak, I am speaking or I do speak.

Swedish Verbs to Be & to Have

The present and past tenses of verbs in Swedish are very simple to conjugate. All the forms are the same for each personal pronoun. The infinitive of the verb to be in Swedish is vara, and the conjugated present tense form is är and the past tense is var. The infinitive of the verb to have is ha, and the conjugated present tense form is har and the past tense is hade.
att vara – to be
att ha – to have
I am jag är I was jag var I have jag har I had jag hade
you are du är you were du var you have du har you had du hade
he is han är he was han var he has han har he had han hade
she is hon är she was hon var she has hon har she had hon hade
it is den är it was den var it has den har it had den hade
it is det är it was det var it has det har it had det hade
one is man är one was man var one has man har one had man hade
we are vi är we were vi var we have vi har we had vi hade
you are ni är you were ni var you have ni har you had ni hade
they are de är they were de var they have de har they had de hade

To form the future tense of verbs, just add ska before the infinitive. Jag ska vara = I will be; hon ska ha = she will have; etc

Conjugate “prata” – Swedish conjugation

“prata” conjugation

Presens
jag pratar
du pratar
han/hon/den/det pratar
vi pratar
ni pratar
de pratar
Preteritum
jag pratade
du pratade
han/hon/den/det pratade
vi pratade
ni pratade
de pratade
Perfekt
jag har pratat
du har pratat
han/hon/den/det har pratat
vi har pratat
ni har pratat
de har pratat
Pluskvamperfekt
jag hade pratat
du hade pratat
han/hon/den/det hade pratat
vi hade pratat
ni hade pratat
de hade pratat
Futurum
jag ska prata; kommer (att) prata
du ska prata; kommer (att) prata
han/hon/den/det ska prata; kommer (att) prata
vi ska prata; kommer (att) prata
ni ska prata; kommer (att) prata
de ska prata; kommer (att) prata
Imperativ
du prata!
ni prata!
Conjugate “vara” – Swedish conjugation

“vara” conjugation

Presens
jag är
du är
han/hon/den/det är
vi är
ni är
de är
Preteritum
jag var
du var
han/hon/den/det var
vi var
ni var
de var
Perfekt
jag har varit
du har varit
han/hon/den/det har varit
vi har varit
ni har varit
de har varit

Conjugate “skriva” – Swedish conjugation

“skriva” conjugation

Presens
jag skriver
du skriver
han/hon/den/det skriver
vi skriver
ni skriver
de skriver
Preteritum
jag skrev
du skrev
han/hon/den/det skrev
vi skrev
ni skrev
de skrev
Perfekt
jag har skrivit
du har skrivit
han/hon/den/det har skrivit
vi har skrivit
ni har skrivit
de har skrivit
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Dutch Grammar

Classroom - Dutch, Learn Dutch /

 

Introduction

Dutch is a language of Germanic origin and besides The Netherlands and Belgium, it’s also spoken on the Netherlands Antilles, Suriname and many people in Indonesia also speak it (all former colonies of The Netherlands). And in South-Africa, they speak a language derived from Dutch: Afrikaans.

We’ll start by teaching you how to introduce yourself in Dutch. Take a look at the following Dutch sentence and it’s English translation. “Ik ben Robert” “I am Robert” Here we see your very first Dutch sentence where you introduce yourself as Robert, a fictional person. You should of course replace the name with your own name. Although the sentence consists of only three words we are going to carefully examine each word. The first word “Ik” is the Dutch equivalent of the English word “I”, also referred to as 1st person singular. It’s a subject pronoun. The second word “ben” is a verb. It’s a conjugation of the irregular Dutch verb “zijn”, which is the Dutch equivalent of “to be”. Now we’ve seen how to introduce yourself using “ik ben” but we can also introduce other people, take a look at the following examples:
 Ik ben Robert  I am Robert
 Jij bent Robert  You are Robert
 Hij is Robert  He is Robert
 Zij is Roberta  She is Roberta
 Het is Robert  It is Robert
 Wij zijn Robert en Paul  We are Robert and Paul
 Jullie zijn Robert en Paul  You are Robert and Paul
 Zij zijn Robert en Paul  They are Robert and Paul

Articles and Gender

Articles Take a look at these Dutch sentences:
 Hij is een vader  He is a father
 Zij is de moeder  She is the mother
 Het is de stoel  It is the chair
 Het is een stoel  It is a chair
 Het is een huis  It is a house
 Het is het huis  It is the house
It looks pretty logical at the beginning. You’ll quickly notice that “een” is the correct Dutch translation of “a” and “an”. But what’s the correct translation of “the”? You see two different Dutch word for “the”, you see “de” and “het”, but which one is the right one?   Gender Grammar Rules In general, gender is used to distinguish between male and female, sometimes referred to as masculine and feminine. The following examples use gender in different ways and places to demonstrate their behavior.
Grammar + Rules Dutch
my son is a student [masculine + noun] mijn zoon is een student .
her daughter is a student [feminine + noun] haar dochter is een student .
he has a tall brother [adjective + masculine] hij heeft een grote broer .
she has a tall sister [adjective + feminine] ze heeft een grote zus .
his brothers are young [plural masculine + adjective] zijn broers zijn jong .
his sisters are young [plural feminine + adjective] zijn zussen zijn jong .

Hebben – to have

In this lesson we’ll also introduce another irregular Dutch verb, the verb “hebben”, which means “to have”. Take a look at the full conjugation and translation of this verb:
 Ik heb  I have
 Jij hebt  You have
 Hij/Zij/Het heeft  He/she/it has
 Wij hebben  We have
 Jullie hebben  You have
 Zij hebben  They have
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